1. Pitfalls of Pathologic Staging in Prostate Cancer
Ferran Algaba 
European Urology Supplements 
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 6-14 (February 2008)
DOI: /j.eursup
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Core of needle biopsy. The discontinuous line separates the periprostatic tissue (left) from the prostate (right). Notice that there are different areas of fat tissue (arrows) among the periprostatic fibromuscular tissue. Are all of them extraprostatic or extra “capsule” fat tissue?
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Different core needle biopsies. (A) Invasion of the peripheral fibrous tissue with minimal fat tissue (arrow), probably “capsule,” and for this reason intraprostatic cancer. (B and C) Thick nerves surrounded by fat tissue and perineural invasion, real extraprostatic invasion through nerves. (D) Seminal vesicle muscle invasion.
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Radical prostatectomy specimen with periprostatic fat tissue invasion (pT3a). (A) Direct invasion, (B) invasion through neurovascular bundle.
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Radical prostatectomy specimen with periprostatic fat tissue invasion (pT3a). The adenocarcinoma is outside the edge of the extraprostatic area (discontinuous line) at the level of periprostatic fat tissue (arrows).
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Positive margin without fat tissue. The ink is over the prostate adenocarcinoma.
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Negative margins. (A) With fat tissue, (B) without fat tissue, and (C) with minimal fibrous distance of the adenocarcinoma to the inked margin.
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Positive margins without fat tissue. (A) Smooth positive margin is probably the consequence of a dissection by anatomic cleavage. (B) Irregular positive margin that has the risk of tear on the adenocarcinoma area.
European Urology Supplements 2008 7, 6-14DOI: ( /j.eursup )
Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions