1. Formation and metabolism of DOPAL and DOPEGAL
Formation and metabolism of DOPAL and DOPEGAL. DOPAL is formed from dopamine, whereas DOPEGAL is derived from both norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Formation and metabolism of DOPAL and DOPEGAL. DOPAL is formed from dopamine, whereas DOPEGAL is derived from both norepinephrine and epinephrine. They are metabolized by various enzymes including ALDH, ADH, and ALR/AR. DOPAL is predominantly metabolized by ALDH in the oxidative pathway, whereas DOPEGAL is predominantly metabolized by ADH or ALR/AR in the reductive pathway. Predominant pathways of DOPAL and DOPEGAL metabolism pathways are shown in bold. Free HVA is the major brain metabolite of dopamine. Free MHPG is the major brain metabolite of both norepinephrine and epinephrine and is also the major precursor to VMA formation in the liver. DA, dopamine; NE, norepinephrine; EPI, epinephrine; DBH, dopamine-β-hydroxylase; MHPE, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol.
Satori A. Marchitti et al. Pharmacol Rev 2007;59:
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