1. Geologic Geometry

2. Many problems in mining and civil engineering are solved by graphic communication

4. Links to the Core Geometry
Projection Systems
Sectional Views
Conic Sections
Intersection of Surfaces
True shape of surfaces and true lengths of lines
Oblique Planes
Skew Lines

5. CONTOUR LINES

6. Mining and civil engineers make frequent use of contour maps
If I walk along a 45m contour line, I am walking along a horizontal line 45m above the H.P.
If I walk along a 50m contour line, I am walking along a horizontal line 50m above the H.P.
Contour lines are lines drawn on a map connecting points of equal elevation
The contour interval measurement is the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines  

7. PROFILES

8. In the space provided draw a vertical section (profile) on the line DE.20 30 40 50 60 70 80
PROFILE

9. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
A wind turbine of height 35m stands vertically on the ground at G. Is the top of the tower visible from the ground at F?
35 m
LINE OF SIGHT
The line of sight must pass the outline of the profile G F G F
Determine the profile along a line joining G to F

10. EARTHWORKS

11. WORKSHEET 2 The drawing on the next slide shows ground contours at
five-metre vertical intervals.
PQ is the line of a proposed roadway having the following
specifications.
(i) formation width as given;
(ii) formation level at P is 55m;
(iii) P to Q is level;
(iv) side slopes for cuttings 1 in 1;
(v) side slopes for embankments 1 in 1.5.
(a) Draw a vertical section (profile) on the line PQ.
(b) Show the earthworks necessary to accommodate the roadway.

12. SOLUTION Cut needed here to achieve required level
Fill needed here to achieve required level 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30
ROAD LEVEL 35 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 30 35 40 75 45 70 65 50
SPACING FOR FILL = 7.5mm 60
SPACING FOR CUT = 5mm 70 80

13. WORKSHEET 3
The drawing on the next slide shows ground contours at five-metre vertical intervals.
AB is the centreline of a proposed roadway having the following specifications.
(i) formation width as given;
(ii) formation level at A is 140m;
(iii) A to B is 1:10 rising;
(iv) side slopes for cuttings 1 in 1.5;
(v) side slopes for embankments 1 in 2.
Show the earthworks necessary to accommodate the roadway.

14. SOLUTION R=10m 1:10 RISING R=7.5m 145 160 145 140 165 150 170 135 155
175
130