1. The 500th Anniversary of the Reformation Session 3: Reform Beyond Luther
Radicals
Catholics
Dr. Ed Roslof
St. Alban’s Episcopal Church
Washington, DC

2. Recap of Luther’s Evangelical Christianity: Simple, Personal
Sola fide
Catholics: both faith and good deeds needed for salvation.
Luther on reading Romans 1:17 (“The righteous shall live by faith.”): “I felt as if I had been born again and had entered Paradise through wide-open gates.”
Sola Scriptura
Catholics: God reveals will to humans through Bible, councils, papal pronouncements.
Luther: only the Bible is divinely inspired.
Priesthood of all believers
Catholics: priests have special spiritual powers from Apostles, in sacraments
Luther: all Christians have direct access to God through prayer. “Priests” are men called to care for spiritual needs of parishioners full time
Papal usurpation.
Catholics: Pope is Vicar of Christ on earth.
Luther: Popes had illegally seized position as head of Christianity. They were not even good priests. They were the Antichrist.
5. Sacraments
Catholics: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, marriage, ordination, penance, unction
Luther: Eucharist and baptism

3. Magisterial Reformation
Martin Luther John Calvin Ulrich Zwingli
Leaders of the
Magisterial Reformation

11. The Radical Reformation
Video introduction (thanks to Emo Phillips):
“We should all learn to love each other. Once I was in San Francisco, walking along the Golden Gate Bridge. And I saw this guy on the bridge about to jump. I thought I’d try to stall him, detain him.
I said, ‘Don’t jump!’
He said, ‘Nobody loves me.’
I said, ‘God loves you. Do you believe in God?’...
Go to:

12. Radical Reformation: Anabaptists
Anabaptist theology:
Church as a voluntary association of believers (community of saints)
Believer’s (re-)baptism [Felix Manz, Zurich, 1525]
Return to apostolic practices and beliefs, including communal living and millenarianism
Rejection of secular authority over church
Theocracy in Munster,
Ongoing persecution, turn to pacifism

14. Catholic Response Council of Trent (1545-53) Called by Paul III
Held in northern Italy
3 sessions, 5 popes
No compromise with Protestantism
Reformed Catholic doctrine and practice
Tridentine Mass
Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyola ( ), Spiritual Exercises
First followers included Francis Xavier
Jesuit order founded 1539, ad maiorem Dei gloriam
Reformed Catholicism from within
“shock troops of the Counter Reformation”

15. Luther’s Death Mask, Market Church in Halle
Death of Luther, 1546
Luther’s Death Mask, Market Church in Halle

16. Catholic Response Council of Trent (1545-53) Called by Paul III
Held in northern Italy
3 sessions, 5 popes
No compromise with Protestantism
Reformed Catholic doctrine and practice
Tridentine Mass
Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyola ( ), Spiritual Exercises
First followers included Francis Xavier
Jesuit order founded 1539, ad maiorem Dei gloriam
Reformed Catholicism from within
“shock troops of the Counter Reformation”

17. Final Session: November 26
“Why does St. Alban’s exist?”
The English Reformation
Distinctive features of Anglicanism
Origins of the Episcopal Church