1. Cardiac Cycle
Dr. Khurram Irshad

2. Case history
Profile: Jamaluddin is a 57-year-old male who presents to the ER.
Presenting Complaint:
Shortness of breath and swollen feet for 4 to 6 weeks.
 History of Present Illness: Mr. Jamaluddin has been experiencing progressive shortness of breath with exertion for about the past four to six weeks. At first he tried to ignore the dyspnea, but it has not gone away. He reports that his dyspnea is most pronounced when climbing stairs or walking up hill. The past few days he has also noticed a very rapid and irregular heart rate, as well as some chest pain. Now he describes being short of breath even at rest. He states that his rapid heart rate is making him “very uncomfortable”. He had no history of high blood pressure, heart disease, or “palpitations” prior to the onset of these symptoms several weeks ago.

3. Past Medical History: hypercholesterolemia; low back pain and cervical dorsal strain/sprain
Personal History:
Diet: eats a fairly balanced diet
Exercise: follows no particular exercise plan
Sleep patterns: sleeps no more than 5 hours per night
Nicotine use: smokes 20 cigarettes/day 
Family Medical History: His mother passed away from a stroke at age 70, and his father died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm at age 75. He denies any other significant family history.

4. Social History and Lifestyle: He works hours per week as a police officer. He eats two meals a day, he tends to catch a snack where he can.
Review of Systems
Psychiatric History
The patient claims to have high levels of stress due to shift work, extended work hours, lack of adequate sleep, and back pain.

5. Physical Examination JVP raised Pitting edema +++ Apex beat shifted
Tendor hepatomegaly

6. Cardiac cycle Cardiac Cycle
Cyclical sequence of events beginning from one cardiac contraction to next
Phases of cardiac Cycle
Systole
Diastole

7. What will be the duration of one Cardiac Cycle if Heart rate is 70 beats per minute?

9. Ventricular Systole

10. Ventricular diastole

11. Cardiac Cycle

14. Compliance of blood vessels

15. Aortic Pressure Curve