1. American Values
Personal Achievement

2. Work

3. Progress and Material Comfort

4. Other American values:
Morality and Humanitarianism
Efficiency and Practicality
Equality and Democracy
Freedom
New emerging characteristic
Narcissism: extreme self-centeredness

5. How are Norms created?
Most of our norms are INTERNALIZED (i.e. we
just follow them without thinking.)
Sanctions: Society does however consciously
Enforce norms through positive or negative
sanctions

6. Positive Sanctions: rewards for appropriate
“NORMal” behavior. Can be formal or informal.

7. Negative Sanctions: punishment or threat of
Punishment used to enforce CONFORMITY to
Norms. Can be formal or informal.

8. Social Control: Most NORMS are enforced by
Internalization; however agents
of social control can include any authority
figure.

9. Cultural Diffusion: The spreading of cultural traits
from one culture to another