1. The Scramble for Africa

2. Objectives Students will…
Explain how the European partitioning across Africa contributed to conflict, civil war, and artificial political boundaries
Analyze motivations of European countries that determined political boundaries.

3. What can you infer from this image?
Do Now
What can you infer from this image?

4. GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA Continent – not a country
Africa is three times larger than Europe
Northern Africa – desert
Mid-to-southern Africa – diverse climates and topography

5. Size of Africa

6. Ethnic Groups of Africa

7. What is “Imperialism”?
Creating colonies and building empires by diplomacy or military action.

8. White Man’s Burden
1. According to Kipling, what is the “white man’s burden?”
2. What examples of racial prejudice are found in column one?
3. What “reward” does Kipling suggest the “white man” gets for carrying this “burden”?
4. Who might support the view presented in this poem and why?
5. Who might be against the view presented in this poem and why?

9. KING LEOPOLD II OF BELGIUM (1835-1909)
Created European race for African colonies – “Scramble for Africa”
Diamonds, foodstuffs, gold, ivory, rubber

10. Sources King Leopold’s Public Letter Leopold’s Letter to Missionaries
King Leopold’s Ghost excerpt

11. Leopold’s Abuse of the Congo
Leopold II claimed that his reason for control was to abolish the slave trade.
Leopold’s private army mutilated people who would not harvest rubber.
Over 10 million people in the Congo died doing this.
The Belgian government took control of the colony from Leopold II as a result.

12. Berlin Conference
In 1884, to avoid conflict amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa. No Africans were invited.
Berlin Conference

13. Berlin Conference
-The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an outpost.
-By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control
Berlin Conference

14. “Social Darwinism”- Promoted the idea of the white European race being superior to others, and thus, fated to rule over others
Racism

15. CECIL RHODES ( )
Advocate of Social Darwinism and British Imperialism

16. 4 Reasons for Imperialism
Raw Materials for New Markets
New markets were needed to keep up with demand.
Expand Trade (political and economic power)
Economic competition
Power
Racism
“White Man’s Burden” – Spread religion, culture
Social Darwinism
Nationalism – National pride and greatness
Colonies will help countries gain more power
New countries (Italy and Germany) want to catch up with Great Britain and France.

17. Scramble for Africa Simulation

18. Check On Learning!
What did the European countries agree to do at the Conference of Berlin?

19. Instructions
Listen to the introduction
Good luck

23. Simulation recap

24. IN 1878, MUCH OF AFRICA WAS NOT COLONIZED BY EUROPE
…BUT BY 1885, OVER 90% OF AFRICA WOULD BE UNDER THE CONTROL OF EUROPEAN EMPIRES, PARTICULARLY THE BRITISH AND THE FRENCH
IN 1878,
MUCH OF
AFRICA
WAS NOT
COLONIZED
BY EUROPE

25. -Shaka’s successor’s were unable to hold off the British Shaka Zulu
The Zulus
-In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation.
-Shaka’s successor’s were unable to hold off the British
Shaka
Zulu
Zulu
Nation
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

26. Southern Africa AFRICA Cape Colony The Boers
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built Cape Town as a supply station.
-1830’s Boer’s started moving North to escape the British
Boers
Cape Colony
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

27. The Boer War British Boers
In 1860, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.
TOTAL WAR
The war was from and involved bitter guerrilla fighting.
The British won.
British
Boers

29. Exit Ticket
Using at least two of the documents we read in class today, as well as your notes, write two paragraphs (with a thesis statement) describing what you think Europe’s motivations were to imperialize Africa. You MUST CITE evidence to support your ideas.