1. Welcome to
Micro-
biology

2. Course Introduction Connect Microbiology
Textbook – some special features:
Case File / Inside the Clinic
Figures
End of chapter study summary and questions
Connect Microbiology
Lab exercises: In-house Lab Manual
Research Project and Presentation

3. Complete this List of things to get off to a good start:
Log on to Blackboard and enter the Micro 1 class site
Review all menu links and all pages of syllabus carefully!
Make sure Blackboard has your correct address! Change through the Zone or Class-Web if necessary.
Take Syllabus Quiz online in Bb by Tues 8- 23, 11:59 pm
Due Aug 23 Fill out and turn in student info sheet
Introduce yourself in Bb Discussion Board
Get started on Mastering Micro:
Complete Pre Ch 2 Learnsmart HW (Homework Points!)
20 start up pts.

4. “You do not really understand something unless you can explain it to your grandmother.” --Albert Einstein

5. Ch 1: Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks
Student Learning Outcomes
List the various types of microbial agents that can colonize humans and differentiate (size / shape etc.) among them.
Explain some ways humans manipulate organisms for their own uses.
Summarize the relative burden of human disease caused by microbes.
Review the development of microbiology from the 1600s to today.
On your own: Review the four main families of biomolecules.
Correctly write the binomial name for a microorganism.
Explain the difference between traditional and molecular approaches to taxonomy.

6. Types of Microbes (Microorganisms / Microbial Agents)
Bacteria: Ubiquitous!
Archaea
Protozoa
Fungi
Algae
Viruses
Helminths (= ______________)
Prions
Helminths (_____________________)Multicellular animal parasites
Microbes are ubiquitous and are found:
Deep in the earth’s crust
Polar ice caps and oceans
Inside the bodies of plants and animals
Play central roles in the earth’s landscape
Essential to life

8. Microbes and the Planet – most microbes help us by ……
decomposing organic waste
performing photosynthesis
Producing fermented foods, such as ethanol, vinegar, cheese, bread, . . .
producing insulin and many other drugs
Cleaning up human-created contamination (________)
. . .
Microbes harm us by causing disease = Pathogens!
and causing food spoilage
Over 2,000 different microbes cause disease.
10 billion infections occur across the world every year.
Infectious diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide.
Bioremediation!
Only few microbes harm us. They do it by

10. “Cellular” Organization
Eukaryotes:
Bacteria and Archaea:
10 times smaller than eukaryotes
Lack ______________
All are microorganisms
Viruses:
Not independently living cellular organisms
Exist at the level of complexity somewhere between large molecules and cells
Composed of a small amount of hereditary material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes a membrane
Inert outside the host
Exist as a form of genetic material that confers a partial genetic program inside the host
re microorganisms

11. Microbes in History First Observations
Ancestors of bacteria were the first life on Earth
1665: Cell theory – Robert Hooke
Compare to Fig 1.2
1673: First microbes observed – Anton van Leeuwenhoek

12. The Debate over Spontaneous Generation
Aristotles’s doctrine of spontaneous generation. Hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter; a “vital force” forms life
Biogenesis: Hypothesis that the living organisms arise from preexisting life

13. 1668:Francesco Redi filled 6 jars with decaying meat
the beginnings of experimental science
filled 6 jars with decaying meat
Conditions
Results
Three jars covered with fine net
No maggots
Three open jars
Maggots appeared
From where did the maggots come?
What was the purpose of the sealed jars?
Spontaneous generation or biogenesis?

14. 1861: Louis Pasteur
demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air
Conditions
Results
Nutrient broth placed in flask, heated, not sealed
Microbial growth? Yes or No?
Nutrient broth placed in flask, heated, then sealed
Spontaneous generation or biogenesis?

15. Confirmation of Biogenesis
Pasteur’s S-shaped (swan-neck ) flask kept microbes out but let air in
Compare to Figure 1.5
Figure 1.3

16. Pre-Pasteur:
Drs. Oliver Wendell Holmes & Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s) – hand disinfection and puerperal fever
What does “sterile” mean?
Based on Pateur’s and Semmelweis’ findings: Joseph Lister (1860s) – the beginnings of aseptic technique (phenol)g

17. Germ Theory of Disease Proven by Robert Koch’s work on anthrax
Procedures become Koch's postulates (Ch 11)
Koch also developed pure culture technique
Nobel Prize in 1905
Louis Pasteur:
Invented pasteurization
Conducted the first studies linking human disease to infection

20. Naming, Classifying, and Identifying Organisms
Taxonomy: the science of classifying living things
Classification: the orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy
Identification: the process of discovering and recording traits of organisms so they can be placed in a taxonomic scheme (See chs 2 & 15)
Carl Linneus (1701 – 1778) introduced the binomial Nomenclature. Examples?

21. Scientific Names: Binomial Nomenclature Genus + specific epithet
Italicized (or underlined)
Genus capitalized. After 1st use, genus may be abbreviated!
Used worldwide; “latinized”
May be descriptive or honor a scientist.
1857 –1911
Staphylococcus aureus: Describes the clustered arrangement of the cells (staphylo-) and the golden color of the colonies (aur-).
E. coli: Honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the bacterium’s habitat–the large intestine or colon.
S. aureus
E. coli
S. pneumoniae

22. Inside the….
The Vaccine Debate
The End