1. European Colonization of North America
APUSH

2. Early attempts at colonization were based on one economic system/idea:
MERCANTILISM

3. The Beginnings, 1480s-90s New Technologies Ships, sails, African
exploration
Purpose
3Gs or 2Cs
1490s, Exploration & making claims to New World
Columbus sails for Portugal, 1492
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
Britain claims Nova Scotia, Newfoundland & Great Banks

4. Colonial Comparison Chart
Type of Colony/Purpose of Settlement
Joint Stock Company/Corporate Charter
A company or group of investors is given legal authority and control by the monarch
Proprietorship
A specific person is given legal authority and control by the monarch
Royal
The monarch has complete control and directs the colony either personally or more often, through a governor
Demographic & Religious Make-up
Europeans tended to be Christian
Catholic or Protestant?
Which type of Protestant?

5. Colonial Comparison Chart, cont.
National & Ethnic Groups
What countries did the settlers in this colony come from?
What about African slaves?
Environment, Industry & Labor
What was the landscape/geography of the area like? Did it allow for farming/agriculture or fishing, or did the settlers have to rely on buying/selling as their form of livelihood?
System of Government & Pattern of Settlement
Was the colony run directly by the king, a Vice-roy, or was there a form of democracy?
Did people live near each other in towns/cities or did they spread out?
Social Structure & Relations with Native Americans?
Was it a hierarchical society? Was it defined or loose?
Were relations positive or negative with Native Americans? Explain.

6. New Spain: Land of the Conquistador
Sought wealth via…
Slave Labor
Search for Gold
Plantations
St. Augustine, FL (1585)
Sought to Convert the Natives
Missions = religious & military outposts
Texas & California
Rigid Class Structure

7. New France: Central North America
Sought wealth via…
Export Products: Fish & Fur
Plantations
Find faster trade routes
Est’d Forts & Settlements
Canada, US , Haiti
Sought Peaceful relations
with NAs
Coureurs de bois
Used slaves…

8. British Colonization: The Southern Colonies
Initial Attempt-Roanoke, 1584
Virginia: Jamestown, 1607
VA Company of London
First Charter of Virginia
3 Types of colonies
Mvt toward private ownership
Virginia House of Burgesses, 1619
Royalized, 1624
Maryland: St. Mary’s City, MD 1634
Cecil Calvert (aka Lord Baltimore) & his “Maryland Designe”
Maryland Act for Religious
Carolinas, 1663 & Georgia, 1732
Proprietorships; refuge for debtors or military outpost v. New Spain

9. British Colonization: The New England Colonies
Plymouth, 1620
Mayflower Compact
Religious/Company
Pilgrims (Separatist Puritans)
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630
Model of Christian Charity
Non-separatist Puritans
Rhode Island & Connecticut, 1643Religious Toleration
Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson
Antinomians

10. British Colonization: The Middle Colonies
New York (aka New Amsterdam)
Discovered by Henry Hudson, 1609
Official Dutch colony, 1624
Liberal & multi-ethnic (The Island at the Center of the World, pp.2-3)
British take-over, 1664
New Jersey 1663 & Delaware, 1682
Originally part of New Amsterdam
Proprietorships under the English
Pennsylvania
Proprietor William Penn
Quaker rules, multi-ethnic
Social & gender equality