1. English ii
revision

2. Answer the following questions
1. What are the main sources of English law?
2. What are the rules of statutory interpretation?
3. What are the main English civil courts?
4. What are the main English criminal courts?
5. Explain the principle of stare decisis.
6. What are the main elements of a judgement?
7. What does ratio decidendi explain and why is it important?
8. What are obiter dicta?
9. Where are judicial decisions recorded?

3. Answer the following questions:
10. What are the main functions of Parliament?
11. What does UK Parliament consist of?
12. What are the main political parties in the UK?
13. Who are members of the House of Lords?
14. What are the stages of the legislative procedure in the UK?
15. What are the main tasks of solicitors?
16. What are the main tasks of barristers?

4. 17. How are powers divided in a federal state?
18. What does the Constitution of the USA define?
19. What is the highest legislative body in the USA? What does it consist of?
20. What are the three qualifications for the American presidency?
21. What are the President’s executive powers?
22. What are his military powers?
23. What are his powers in foreign affairs?
24. What are his legislative powers?
25. What are his judicial powers?

5. Answer the following questions:
26. What is impeachment?
27. What are the grounds for impeachment?
28. What are the levels of the US federal court system?
29. What is judicial review?
30 What are the functions of the Supreme Court?

6. Fill in the missing words: citizen, resides, supreme, system
Under the federal ____ each government is _____ within its own sphere. Every American is both a___ of the United States and of the state in which the citizen _____.

7. Key
Under the federal system each government is supreme within its own sphere. Every American is a citizen both of the United States and of the state in which the citizen resides.

8. Fill in the missing words: appoints, chief, Congress, enforces, Executive, government, orders
___powers. The President___ the Constitution and the laws passed by___. For these purposes, he may issue executive___. He___ all important government officials, including Cabinet officers and members of administrative agencies. He is the ___of state, or ceremonial head of the ____and symbol of national unity.

9. Key
Executive Powers. The President enforces the Constitution and the laws passed by Congress. For these purposes, he may issue executive orders. He appoints all important government officials, including Cabinet officers and members of administrative agencies. He is the chief of state, or ceremonial head of the government and symbol of national unity.

10. appointments, impeachment, judicial, judgment, pardons, Senate, tenure
The ___powers of the President are limited. His___ of federal judges require the approval of a majority of the___. Federal judges have life___ and decide cases independently of Presidential wishes or___. His power to grant ___for federal offenses does not extend to cases of___.

11. Key:
The judicial powers of the President are limited. His appointments of federal judges require the approval of a majority of the Senate. Federal judges have life tenure and decide cases independently of Presidential wishes or judgment. His power to grant pardons for federal offenses does not extend to cases of impeachment.

12. Fill in the missing words: appellate, hear, original, suits, tried
The United States Supreme Court is primariy the chief ____ court though it has ____jurisdiction (i.e., authority to ____ cases not yet ___elsewhere) as well. Most original ____ involve a state suing another state, which the Court must hear.

13. Key:
The United States Supreme Court is primariy the chief appellate court though it has original jurisdiction (i.e., authority to hear cases not yet tried elsewhere) as well. Most original suits involve a state suing another state, which the Court must hear.

14. ambassadors, citizens, decided, diplomatic, Suits
___ by a state against the United States, suits by one state against aliens or ___ of another state, and those involving ___and other ___personnel may also originate here. Since the founding of the Supreme Court, only about one hundred original suits have been___.

15. Key
Suits by a state against the United States, suits by one state against aliens or citizens of another state, and those involving ambassadors and other diplomatic personnel may also originate here. Since the founding of the Supreme Court, only about one hundred original suits have been decided.

16. appeals, discretion, federal, Litigants, reviewing
Most of the Court’s work involves ___, state and local cases or resolving___ from federal decisions. ___ from either state or ___courts may request the Court to review any case, and the Court has ___ to grant or refuse request.

17. Key
Most of the Court’s work involves reviewing state and local cases or resolving appeals from federal decitions. Litigants from either state or federal courts may request the Court to review any case, and the Court has discretion to grant or refuse request.

18. Provide the terms for the following definitions
1. Rules of behaviour which develop in a community without being deliberately created:
customs
2. Disagreement or argument between parties
dispute
3. A person who starts an action against someone in the civil courts
Plaintiff/claimant
4. One of the six divisions of England and Wales for judicial purposes
circuit

19. Provide the terms for the following definitions
5. An international agreement
treaty
6. Money awarded by a court as compensation to a plaintiff/claimant
damages
7. The set of laws passed by Parliament
legislation
8. Legislation which has the power of an Act of Parliament but which is passed by a minister to whom Parliament has delegated its authority
Delegated legislation
9. An Act of Parliament
Statute

20. Provide the terms for the following definitions
10. Lay judges peculiar to the English legal system
magistrates
11. Statement of a judge on a point of law not directly relevant to deciding the case
Obiter dicta
12. The most important legal principle on which a judicial decision is based
Ratio decidendi
13. Decision of a higher court which must be followed by a lower court
precedent

21. Provide the terms for the following definitions
14. The highest legislative body in the UK
Parliament
15. Members of the House of Lords appointed for their lifetime
Life peers
16. Proposal for a new legislation
bill
17. An English lawyer specialized in cour representation
barrister
18. An English lawyer who gives legal advice to clients, drafts documents and represents clients in lower courts
solicitor

22. Provide the terms for the following definitions
19. The right to represent clients in court
Right of audience
20. A senior barrister
Queen’s Counsel
21. The highest legislative body in the USA
Congress
22. Removal of the US President from Office
Impeachment
23. The right of the highest court to review the constitutionality of laws
Judicial review

23. Translate into croatian:
"The days have passed when the courts adopted a literal approach. The courts use a purposive approach, which seeks to give effect to the purpose of legislation and are prepared to look at much extraneous material that bears upon the background against which the legislation was enacted."

24. Translate into croatian
(1) A person commits an offence if—
(a) the person holds another person in slavery or servitude and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is held in slavery or servitude, or
(b) the person requires another person to perform forced or compulsory labour and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is being required to perform forced or compulsory labour.

25. Translate into croatian
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

26. Translate into croatian
. . . [W]e hold that an individual held for interrogation must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation under the system for protecting the privilege we delineate today No amount of circumstantial evidence that the person may have been aware of this right will suffice to stand in its stead: Only through such a warning is there ascertainable assurance that the accused was aware of this right.