1. Steve Seow | User Researcher | Microsoft Surface Rajesh Kalidindi | User Researcher | Microsoft IT InfoCamp 2009

2. About Steve… Academic: Experimental Psychology Human Timing, Time Perception, Human-Computer Interaction Professional: User Researcher Microsoft Surface Spare time: Author Designing and Engineering Time

3. About Rajesh… Academic: Economics, PG in Computer Applications Certified Usability Analyst Professional: User Researcher Microsoft IT Spare time: Observe

4. Overview… Barnabus Effect Defining Responsiveness Classes of Responsiveness

5. The Barnabus Effect… Clip 1

6. Clip 2 The Barnabus Effect…

7. 1.WYSMNBWYG: -What you see may not be what you get! 2. Your brain plays tricks on you all the time! … so dont trust your brain! Scholarly note: Look up Attenuation Hypothesis The Barnabus Effect…

8. re spon sive ness defining...

9. re spon sive ness the ability of a system to respond to user input and process internal operations without undue delay.

10. Responsiveness is… 1. relative to the interaction in question Reflex < Reaction < Verbal Acknowledgment Key press < Local search < Large Data download 2. subjectively perceived & interpreted A two-hour documentary = boring or captivating? Two-hour virus scan = good or bad? 3. non-exclusive in its form Street signs : Landmarks, structures, etc. Notification: HDD thrashing, LED blinking, etc.

11. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C) Industry Standards 1472 = MLT-STD-1472F C = Card et al (1990) ESD = ESD/MITRE M = Miller (1968)

12. Metric AInteraction A Metric BInteraction B Metric CInteraction C Version 2.0 ?

13. MetricInteraction User Expectancy Interaction MetricInteraction

14. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C)

15. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C)

16. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C)

17. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C)

18. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C)

19. 0.1 sec Key Response (1472) Perceptual Processing (C) Instantaneous system response (M) Response to menu selection by key (ESD) 0.2 sec Key Print (1472) Max for displayed feedback in normal data entry (ESD) Pointing (from input to display) and Sketching (1472) 0.5 sec Min for simple data request, next page (ESD) Page Scan (1472) Local database update (1472) 1 sec Page Turn (1472) Immediate Response (C) Max for simple data request, next page (ESD) Max for no feedback (M) 2 sec Max for simple data entry (ESD) Min for error messages (278) Error feedback (1472) Response to selection of command (1472) Non-local database update (1472) 4 sec Max for error messages (ESD) 10 sec Max limit for keeping focus on task (M) Unit Task (C)

20. 0.1 to 0.2 secInstantaneous 0.5 to 1 secImmediate 2 to 5 secContinuous 7 to 10 secCaptive Range of maximum acceptable response time What users expect

21. classes of re spon sive ness introducing...

22. 1. Instantaneous (< 0.1 – 0.2 sec) Users Expect: Instantaneous behavior Analogy: Systems Nerves, Senses, etc. R.o.T: Anything that mimics physical objects Examples: Key-press, GUI button press, etc. RoT: Rule of Thumb

24. 2. Immediate (<.5 – 1 sec) Users Expect: Acknowledgement Analogy: Reflexes, Simple Reaction R.o.T: No-brainer* operations Examples: panning, zooming, viewing processed or ready* data * = as perceived by users!

27. 3. Continuous (< 2 – 5 sec) Users Expect: Uninterrupted Flow Analogy: Thinking Time, Calculated Reaction R.o.T: Periodic progress update, error messages Examples: error messages, time-outs, progress indication

29. 4. Captive (< 7 – 10 sec) Users Expect: NOT to be held hostage or stay idle Analogy: System Elevator Pitch R.o.T: Attention Span Examples: Downloading, Delivery of consumable information (status, etc.)

31. 1.Not mathematical model based on a continuum of slow to fast, letter grade- assignment, etc. 0 to 1: Superfast. 1 to 2: Fast. >2 Slow! 2.Psychological, empirical model based on what users expect. So gaps are possible (0.1 to 0.2, 0.5 to 1) Even overlaps could have been possible! Responsiveness Classes

32. Summary 1.Defining Responsiveness Relative Subjective Non-Exclusive 2.Classes of Responsiveness Instantaneous Immediate Continuous Captive

33. Thank you! More Info? Steve - SSeow@Microsoft.com Rajesh - RaKalidi@Microsoft.com Blog - http://blogs.msdn.com/time Book - Designing and Engineering Time Web - www.Engineering Time.com Handout: UI Timing Cheatsheet