1. English IV
Revision

2. Answer the following questions
1. What does private international law deal with?
2. Which issues have to be decided in conflict of law cases?
3. How can we define public international law?
4. What are the sources of public international law?
5. Name some areas of international law
6. What is the founding document of the UN?
7. What is the main mission of the UN?
8. What are the main organs of the UN?

3. Answer the following questions:
9. What are the main goals of the Council of Europe?
10. What are its main bodies?
11. Which document constitutes the basis for the work of the European Court of Human Rights?
12. What are the main types of applications at ECHR?
13. What are the three crucial prerequisites for a complete individual application?

4. Answer the following:
14. What were the first communities, predecessors of the EU?
15. What is the legal basis of the EU today?
16. What are the sources of EU law?
17. What are the main institutions of the EU?
18. What constitutes the legislative/executive/judicial branch of the EU?
19. What are the main types of procedure at the Court of Justice of the EU?

5. claims, concurrent, defendant, federal, jurisdiction, jury, law, plaintiff’s, procedural, sue
When multiple courts have ________________ jurisdiction over a ___________claims, the plaintiff may forum shop, or choose the court that will treat his or her __________ most favourably. In the United States, forum shopping most typically occurs when state and _______ courts have concurrent jurisdiction over a claim. State and federal courts  have different __________rules and, in some cases, also use different substantive law. Plaintiffs can use this to their advantage. For example, a plaintiff suing a large corporate __________might _________ in state court, predicting that a local _________would be more sympathetic than a federal jury. Alternatively, a plaintiff might prefer one ___________ due to its procedural rules or due to its choice of ___________ rules

6. Supply the missing terms:
The rules that determine which law the court applies in a case involving foreign elements:
choice of law rules
A factor that connects the dispute to the legal system of a country:
connecting factor
The part of national law that establishes rules for dealing with cases involving a foreign element
Conflict of laws, private international law

7. conventional, nations, Public, signatories, sovereignty, Treaties,
___International Law derives its authority from three main sources.
1. __and international conventions are written agreements concluded by two or more sovereign__ or by a nation and an international organization, such as the European Union. The power to enter into treaty relations is an essential attribute of ___. There is a cardinal principle of international law that treaties validly concluded must not be broken by the__. This source is also known as __international law.

8. Customs, law, principles, source
General __common to systems of national __ fall into the same category and are, in fact, often difficult to distinguish from __as a __of international law.

9. Airspace, Assembly, benefit, heritage, Treaty
Outer space lies beyond the currently undefined upper limit of a state’s sovereign ___________. It was declared free for exploration and use by all states and incapable of national appropriation by a 1963 UN General _______________ resolution. The Outer Space ___________________ (1967) reiterated these principles and provided that the exploration and use of outer space should be carried out for the ________________of all countries. The Moon Treaty (1979) provided for the demilitarization of the Moon and other celestial bodies and declared the Moon and its resources to be a “common __________________ of mankind.” A number of agreements concerning space objects (1972 and (1974) and the rescue of astronauts (1968) have also been signed.

10. flag, lay , navigation, piracy, research, states, suspected,   territorial
The high seas are open to all __________with each state possessing the freedoms of _____________and overflight and the freedom to _________ submarine cables and pipelines, to conduct scientific ______________and to fish. On ships on the high seas, jurisdiction is exercised by the ______________ state (i.e., the state whose flag is flown by the particular ship). Nevertheless, warships have the right to board a ship that is suspected of engaging in ___________ , the slave trade,  or unauthorized broadcasting. There also is a right of “hot pursuit,” provided that the pursuit itself is continuous, onto the high seas from the ______________ sea or economic zone of the pursuing state in order to detain a vessel __________of violating the laws of the coastal state in question.

11. Supply the missing terms
legally binding agreement between states sponsored by an international organization:
convention
self-governing and not ruled by another state:
sovereign
to make a formal agreement complete and fixed, especially after long discussions or arrangements:
conclude

12. Fill in the missing words: applicants, applications, breaches, Party, victims, violation
Applications can either be brought by member states on behalf of individual victims of ____ by another High Contracting ___, or from individual___ claiming to be victims of a ___ of the Convention. With respect to state ___, a member state may bring an application against another state in relation to individual ____, either its own citizens or those of another state.

13. Supply the missing term:
legally required:
binding
legally binding agreement between two or more states:
treaty

14. Supply the missing terms
a long established tradition or usage that becomes customary law if it is a) consistently and regularly observed and b)recognized by those states observing it as a practice that they must follow: custom
the action of following a rule or keeping to an agreement: adherence

15. Supply the missing terms
An application lodged by a state against another state party
Inter-state application
A procedure before the Court of Justice of the EU that enables judges of national courts to refer a case to the Court to ask a question about the interpretation of EU law
Reference for preliminary ruling

16. Translate the following
A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose.

17. Translate the following:
The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may request of public international organizations information relevant to cases before it, and shall receive such information presented by such organizations on their own initiative.

18. Translate the following:
In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

19. Translate:
The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These values are common to the Member States in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail.