1. Section 2-Polling Question
Do you agree with the policy that the government can take control of private land if it believes it is in the best interest of the country?
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D
Section 2-Polling Question

2. Chapter 11 The Jackson Era (1824-1845)
Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

3. How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency affect Native Americans?

4. The Expanding Nation The American nation had expanded westward
The “Five Civilized Tribes” still lived in the eastern part of the country
Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw
These tribes had farming societies with successful economies
Few Americans settled west of the Mississippi River because it was dry and seemed unsuitable for farming
Many wanted the federal government to relocate Native Americans from the Southeast to this area

5. President Andrew Jackson
Jackson supported the settlers demand for Native American land
Jackson had fought against Native Americans
In Jackson’s Inaugural address, Jackson stated that he intended to move all Native Americans to the Great Plains
Many believed the Great Plains was a wasteland
People thought if the Native Americans moved to that region, the nation’s conflict with them would be over

6. Indian Removal Act
1830- Jackson pushed the Indian Removal Act through Congress
This allowed the federal government to pay Native Americans to move west
Jackson then sent officials to make treaties with the Native Americans of the Southeast
Most Native American leaders felt forced to accept payment for their lands
1834- Congress created the Indian Territory
In present day Oklahoma this area was set aside for the relocation of Native Americans from the Southeast

7. The Cherokee Nation The Cherokee refused to give up their land
“We wish to remain on the land of our fathers”
The government’s position did not change and the Cherokee sued the state of Georgia
Eventually the Cherokee took their case to the Supreme Court
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)- Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee
Only the federal government had power in Cherokee matters
President Jackson supported Georgia’s efforts to remove the Cherokee
Jackson ignored the Supreme Court saying “John Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it”

8. In Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that
A. Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee.
B. the “spoils system” was unconstitutional.
C. the federal government had no authority over Native Americans.
D. states had to support a national bank. A B C D
Section 2

9. Cherokee Land
1835- The federal government persuaded about 500 Cherokee to sign the Treaty of New Echota
Gave up their land
This gave Jackson the legal document needed to remove the Native Americans
Very few Americans spoke against it
Daniel Webster and Henry Clay did speak against it

10. The Cherokee’s Response
Most of the 17,000 Cherokee refused to honor the treaty
The Cherokee wrote the government and said the people that signed the treaty did not represent the Cherokee people
Jackson’s stance did not change
The Cherokee resisted until 1838 when Jackson’s successor (Van Buren) started their removal
General John Wool resigned in protest
The new general, Winfield Scott, arrived at New Echoa (Cherokee capital) in May 1838
Along with 7,000 troops- began the invasion of the Cherokee Nation

11. General Winfield Scott
Scott threatened to use force if the Cherokee did not leave
The Cherokee knew that fighting would lead to their destruction
With sadness and anger, the Cherokee leaders gave in
The long march to the west began
Around 2,000 Cherokee died in camps waiting for the move to begin
About 2,000 more died on the trip of starvation, disease, and exposure to brutal weather
Called the Trail of Tears

12. Native American Resistance- Black Hawk
1832- Black Hawk led a group of Sauk and Fox people back to Illinois
The Illinois state militia along with federal troops responded with 4,500 soldiers
The Native Americans fled and the soldiers caught up to them in present day Iowa
Most of the Native Americans were slaughtered

13. Native American Resistance- Seminoles
The Seminole people successfully resisted their removal
Seminole chief, Osceola, and some of his friends refused to leave Florida
The Seminoles joined with a group of escaped enslaved African Americans
They attacked white settlements using guerrilla tactics

14. Native American Resistance- Seminoles Continued
December Ambushed American soldiers under Major Francis Dade
Only a few of the 110 soldiers survived
More troops were sent down to Florida after the Dade Massacre
By more than 1,500 Americans died in the Seminole wars
The government gave up and allowed the Seminole to stay in Florida

15. After 1842
There were only a few Native American groups east of the Mississippi River
Native Americans had given up 100 million acres of Eastern land
In return they received $68 million and 32 million acres of land west of the Mississippi
Eventually white settlers would extend into these areas as (Big surprise!)
The Five Civilized Tribes were relocated to present day Oklahoma
There they developed governments and built farms and schools
Also created a police force

16. Section 2 A B C D Which tribe successfully resisted forced relocation?
A. The Cherokee
B. The Sauk
C. The Osceola
D. The Seminole A B C D

17. How did Andrew Jackson’s presidency affect Native Americans?
-1. The federal government should deal with Native American matters
-2. Intentions to move Native Americans to the Great Plains
-3. Indian Removal Act
-4. His support for Georgia’s effort to remove the Cherokee
-5. Treaty of Echota