1. Adverb Clauses
Source: Bland, Susan Kesner. Grammar Sense 4. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, Print.

2. Description: Dependent clauses
Modify the main clause—When? Where? How? Why?
Include:
Subordinator (because, wherever, by the time, once, as, until, since, etc.)
Subject
Verb

3. Adverb Clauses of Time When the action in the main clause occurs
Subordinators:
When, while, as, once, as soon as, until, before, after, since, by the time
Examples:
Once you have finished the exam, you are free to go.
I was lonely for years until I met the woman of my dreams.
I tripped and fell as I was running to catch the bus.

4. Adverb Clauses of Reason
Why the action in the main cause occurs
Cause and effect
Subordinators:
Because, since, as (formal)
Examples:
We celebrated all night because we had finished final exams.
Since I don’t have a phone, please contact me via .
As I have no money, I will not be joining you for the downtown shopping trip.

5. Adverb Clauses of Contrast
Show unexpected contrasts to the idea in the main clause
Subordinators:
Even though, although, though (formal), while
Examples:
Even though I am not feeling well, I am still planning to attend the party.
Though I studied all night, I failed the exam this morning.
I grew to love classical music, while my sister says it gives her a headache.

6. Adverb Clauses of Place
Where the action in the main clause occurs
Subordinators:
Wherever, where, anywhere, everywhere
Examples:
Wherever there is ice, there will be people playing hockey.
We can go anywhere you want today.
Everywhere you look, there are people in love.

7. Adverb Clauses of Purpose
Show the reason for the action in the main clause
Subordinators:
So (that), in order that (formal)
Examples:
Swimmers shave their arms and legs so that they can glide through the water more quickly.
**Infinitives are commonly used to show purpose:
You should relax in order to get more sleep.

8. Punctuating Adverb Clauses
When adverb clauses come after the main clause, you DO NOT need a comma:
We will have finished eating by the time he gets here.
When adverb clauses come before the main clause, you DO need a comma:
By the time he gets here, we will have finished eating.