1. Chapter 7 sec 1 Understanding Solutions Standard 5d
Mr. Sapalicio
Monterey Highlands Elementary

2. What is a solution? Tap water is a solution.
Pure water is not a solution.
Solvent- part of a solution that is the largest, most present. (water)
Solute- part of solution that is
least present, smaller amount.
A Solution- a mixture that contains one solvent and one solute.

3. Solutions
The solvents and solutes in a solution keep their own properties throughout. It contains solute particles (molecules/ions) that are too small to see.
Uniform in appearance
Typically solutions are transparent.
Cannot seperate by normal filtration
Will not seperate if left standing.
Is dissolving chemical or physical?
Physical

4. Solutions in Water
Solutes and Solvents have different physical properties, such as boiling and melting points.
In many common solutions the SOLVENT is WATER.
Ex: soda- made by starting off with water and sugar. Then you add food coloring, carbon dioxide,
Water is known as the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT, because it is able to dissolve many substances.
(water is the solvent in blood, saliva, and tears)

5. Solutions WITHOUT water
Create the chart on page 257 on your left page
Many solutions are made without water.
Examples; Gasoline, air, brass.
A solution may be a combination of gases, liquids, or solids.

6. Colloids Not all mixtures are solutions.
(colloid & suspension are mixtures)
Colloid- a mixture that still has small parts that have not dissolved all the way. (Fog is a colloid)
A Colloid contains larger particles than solutions. But not big enough to be seen. Big enough to scatter light.

7. Colloids
A Colloid contains larger particles than solutions. But not big enough to be seen. Big enough to scatter light.
Some examples of colloids;
smoke,
dust,
smog,
whipped cream,
mayonnaise,
butter, jelly,
marshmallows, fog clouds.

8. Suspension
Suspension - A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily seperated by settling (to the bottom/top) or filtration.
Will eventually seperate.
A Suspension mixture does not have the same properties throughout.
It contains particles that are LARGER than colloids or solutions.

9. Suspension

10. Solutions and Suspensions
Solutions are mixtures made by mixing a solute and a solvent.
The solute is the substance that dissolves.
The solvent is the substance that causes the solute to dissolve.
Solutions are homogeneous.
An example of a solution would be coffee or tea with sugar. The sugar is the solute and the coffee or tea is the solvent. The sugar dissolves in the coffee or tea and the mixture looks the same throughout.
Suspensions are mixtures that combine a solid and a liquid.
The solid does not dissolve.
Suspensions are heterogeneous.
An example of a suspension is sand and water. When mixed, the sand is suspended in the water, but it will settle to the bottom of the container when left alone.

11. Emulsions and Colloids
Emulsions are a type of suspension. They are heterogeneous. Emulsions consist of two liquids that do not mix. Emulsions will settle into layers when they are left standing alone. An example of a suspension is Italian salad dressing. The salad dressing is a mixture of oil, water, and other spices.
Colloid- are mixtures that have characteristics like a solution and a suspension.
They sometimes appear to be homogeneous, but are really heterogeneous.
However, unlike a suspension, colloidal dispersions will not settle over time.
An example of a colloidal dispersion is mayonnaise, which includes oil, vinegar, and an egg which is used to bind the mixture together.

12. Examples of Mixtures Solutions Suspensions Emulsions Colloids
Which is
Which ?
Salt and water.
Soil and water.
Oil and vinegar.
Liquid laundry starch and water.
Alcohol and water.
Sand and water.
Kerosene and water.
Pottery clay and water
Sugar and water.
Clay and water.
Oil and water.
Mayonnaise.

13. Particles in a solution
When a solution forms, particles of the solvent surround and seperate the particles of the solute.
Imagine;
Imagine that you are so popular all of the girls want to take everything you have , your clothes, glasses, and your money, your watch, shoes. Well that is just like what a solvent does to the solute.

14. Particles in a solution

15. Effects of Solutes on Solvents
Solutes can lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of a solvent.
Lower Freezing Points
Pure water is made of molecules that freeze at 0° Celcius.
Water molecules join together to make crystals of solid ice.
Solute particles make it harder for water molecules to form crystals. Below 0° Celcius to freeze.

16. Effects of Solutes on Solvents
Solutes can lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of a solvent.
Raising the boiling point
Adding solutes to pure water can increase the boiling point making your water hotter and not allowing it to escape into the air.
100° C is required for pure water to boil, adding a solute makes the solution hotter.

17. Higher Boiling Points
The mixture of water and antifreeze (solute) is a liquid with a very high boiling point and a very low freezing point.
Cars engines get very hot, something called coolant flows around the engine absorbing the heat keeping your car from doing this.