1. The ROCK CYCLE

2. Rocks, Rocks, Rocks,
The Rock Cycle helps to explain how new land is formed on the earth
Erosion, pressure &
heat are the main
forces that change
rocks

3. Rocks fall under 3 broad categories: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
Rocks, Rocks, Rocks
Rocks fall under 3 broad categories: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

4. The Rock Cycle

5. The Rock Cycle

6. Igneous Rocks
Igneous (“from fire”) rocks form from magma that cools and crystallizes
Magma can cool on the Earth's surface, where it has erupted from a volcano (extrusive rock) or under the Earth's surface, where it has intruded
older rocks
(intrusive).
Formed from volanic activity, that create the igneous rock, then the rock cools from cooled magma, and it solidifes . NOT FORMED FROM SEDIMENTARY. Only formed from metaphoric. They are hard, different colour, pink white black. May have crystals. Ex granite
SHOW EXAMPLE

7. Igneous Rocks Basalt Example:
Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma reaches the Earth's surface a volcano and cools quickly. Most extrusive (volcanic) rocks have small crystals.
Example:
Basalt

8. Igneous Rocks
Intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly below the Earth's surface. Most intrusive rocks have large, well-formed crystals. Example: Granite

9. Sedimentary Rocks
Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) exposed at the Earth's surface can become a sedimentary rock
forces of wind, rain, snow, and ice combine to break down or weather, and transport rocks exposed at the surface
These particles are eventually
deposited and become hard rock
(lithified).
Formed from layers of sediments that have been compressed under water for long periods of time. Evidence of layers. The only type that has fossils. Breaks away fairly easily. No crystals. Usuaing one solid DULL colour. Ie sandstone (from sand), shale (clay), Limestone (shells)
SHOW EXAMPLE

10. Sedimentary Rocks

11. Sedimentary Rocks
Example:
Sandstone
Example:
Limestone

12. Metamorphic Rocks
any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) can become a metamorphic rock
Deep in earth, high temperatures and pressure causes rock to form new minerals and textures without melting
The term "metamorphic" means "to change form." Changes in the temperature and pressure conditions cause the minerals in the rock to become unstable so they either reorient themselves into layers or recrystallize into larger crystals
Formed at depths under the earth’s surface in regions of great heat and pressure. Few common charactertistics. Ie from granite get gneiss, shale turns into slate, Limestone turns into marble

13. Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks are some of the hardest rocks on earth.
Example::
Marble
Example:
Gneiss
Example:
Quartzite

14. What kind of rock is the oldest in the world?
Work It Out
What kind of rock is the oldest in the world?

15. Estimated age? 3.8-4.3 Billion years old
Work It Out
Igneous Rocks would the oldest!
Oldest rock in the world found in Northern Quebec (part of the Canadian Shield)
Estimated age? Billion years old

16. Work It Out
Fossils are found in what type of rock?

17. Work it Out
Sedimentary Rock!