1. Crossing to America
Chapter 1 sec 1

2. How Did They Get Here?
There are two theories that scientist believe answer that question……

3. Two Theories
Beringia – a “land bridge” that connected Asia with North America about 12,000 years ago.
People came to the Americas by many different routes over thousands of years. Some came by boat sailing from island to island.

4. Beringia / Bering Strait

5. Civilization
Culture – a way of life shared by people with similar arts, beliefs, and customs.
First Americans were hunters gathers.
5000 years ago humans began practicing domestication.
Stable food source changed the way people lived.

6. 5 features of Civilization
1 – cities that are the center of trade
2 – specialized jobs
3 – organized form of government and religion
4 - system of record keeping
5 - advanced tools

7. Olmec About 1200 B.C. advanced civilization
Location : Central Mexico – Nicaragua
Achievement: developed trade routes

8. Mayas 250 A.D. great civilization
Located: southern Mexico and Guatemala.
Achievement: created a calendar system, first in America to use number system using zero.

9. Hohokam Agricultural people Located: American southwest
300 B.C. to 1400 A.D.
Achievement: developed irrigation techniques
Irrigation: the practice of bringing water to crops

10. Anasazi 100 A.D. Location: Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico
Mainly farmers – big traders
Achievement: built large houses

11. Mound Builders several groups ( Adena, Hopewell, Mississippians)
Location: eastern U.S.
Achievement: built large earthen structures.