1. Karl Marx: Das Kapital from Spark Notes
Spinrad/World History

2. Marx and Communists

3. Marx and Capital
One component of Marx’s book, Capital, is how the capitalist system functions and the section also criticizes capitalism

4. Marx’s view of capital
Commodities have both a use-value and an exchange-value
Use-value is actually using the commodity
Exchange-value is rooted in how much labor-power went into the commoditiy

5. Commodities and Capitalists
While traditionally people bought commodities in order to use them, capitalists use commodities differently.
Their final goal is increased profit. Therefore, they put out money and buy commodities, in order to sell those commodities for a profit.

6. Profit
The reason why the capitalists are able to make a profit is that they only need to pay workers their value (how much it takes to keep them functional),
But the workers produce more than that amount in a day.

7. Exploitation Thus, the workers are exploited.
The capitalists are able to do this because they have more power, and control the means of production

8. Hurts the workers
The workers' character is negatively affected by the system.
They don't own the products of their labor
The repetitive work they have to do makes them little more than machines.

9. Thus the workers (proletariat) are losers and the owners of factories (bourgeoisie) are winners in capitalism, but….

10. A large middle class shows that Marx was wrong