1. Why Must Cells Divide? Size Limitation Surface area to volume ratio
Substance transport efficiency
Cellular communications
If urgent signals sent to organelles are not received quick enough, cell could die

2. The Cell Cycle INTERPHASE (90% of cell cycle)
The process of a cell growing and dividing 5 Stages of the cell cycle:
G1 Phase - Cell GROWS and performs normal functions
S Phase - SYNTHESIS of DNA (DNA is replicated)
G2 Phase - Cell prepares for mitosis by making specialized proteins, and taking inventory of cell
ALSO KNOWN AS
INTERPHASE
(90% of cell cycle)

3. The Cell Cycle Continued….
4. Mitosis - Nuclear division
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
5. Cytokinesis - Cellular division into 2 identical daughter cells

4. MITOSIS: PMAT Nuclear division in Eukaryotic cells
Equal separation of genetic info
Results in 2 identical “daughter cells”
New cells allow for growth and replacement of damaged cells

5. Prophase Nuclear membrane disappears Nucleolus disappears
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes or sister chromatids
Spindle apparatus begins to form: spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers
Longest phase of Mitosis

6. Metaphase
Spindle pulls and pushes the centromeres until the chromosomes are lined up across the equator
Ensures both new cells receive correct chromosomes
Shortest phase

7. Anaphase
Spindle apparatus shortens causing the sister chromatids to separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

8. Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin
Two nuclear membranes begin to form around chromosomes
Spindle apparatus disintegrates
Nucleolus reforms

9. Cytokinesis Pinching or constricting of the cytoplasm in animal cells
Area of constriction called “furrow”
Forms a new cell plate or cell wall in plant cells
Separates the 2 new identical daughter cells

10. Which Phase of the cell cycle?