1. Fire Service Professionals`

2. Presented by Stoughton Fire Protection Ltd.
Jordan Purdy – Estimator/Sales Manager
Farzad Heibaran – Senior Designer

3. Canadian Facts On Fire 2007
42,753 Fires occurred in Canada during 2007
224 Civilian deaths
2 Fire fighter deaths
$1.6 Billion in direct property damage

4. Alberta 2007 8 5,310 fires 23 deaths 212 injuries
Reference Materials:
Annual NFPA Fire Journal, Sept./Oct.
5,310 fires
23 deaths
212 injuries
$ 333,256, in losses
Review the facts depicted on the slide
Note: Cost of fire per family equates to almost $600 per family based on
a cost of $40 billion divided by a population of 280 million.

5. Fire Losses in Alberta Homes One/Two Family Dwellings 20079
1,748 fires in one/two family dwellings
14 deaths
86 injuries
Review the facts depicted on the slide.

6. More Fire Facts Young children, older adults, and physically and10
Young children, older adults, and physically and
mentally challenged people face the highest risk of
injury or death in residential fires.
Review the facts depicted on the slide.

7. Fire sprinkler facts
Only the sprinkler closest to the fire will activate, spraying water directly on the fire.
Each sprinkler is individually activated by heat.
90% of all home fires are contained with a single sprinkler.
The odds of accidental activation are 1 in 16 million.

8. How does a home fire sprinklers’ discharge compare to a fire hose attack line discharge?
Sprinkler systems represent a choice, a little water when the fire starts or a lot of water when the fire department arrives
A residential low flow pendant sprinkler head delivers approximately 13 to 18 gallons per minute of water
A fire hose attack line delivers 200 gallons per minute (this does not include a backup line which would double the flow of water)

9. But what about Water Damage?
Average water usage for sprinklered home gallons
Average water usage for unsprinklered home 2935 gallons
Average repair costs for sprinklered home $2,166 dollars
Average repair costs for unsprinklered home $45,019 dollars
With both smoke detection and sprinklers,
death, injury by fire is reduced by 82%
Sprinklers also have a “green value”. Since less
water is applied to the fire, less contaminated
runoff is produced, additionally water mains are
not disturbed creating water clarity issues.

10. Water Damage/ Accidental Release Not Needed/ Fire Unlikely
Consideration of Home Fire Sprinkler
System Installation
Respondents indicating they thought home fire sprinkler systems were either very effective or somewhat effective were asked if they would consider installing a sprinkler system if they were building a new home.
Reasons for Not Considering
No, Would
Not Consider
32%
Yes, Would
Consider
64%
Too Expensive
Water Damage/ Accidental Release
Not Needed/ Fire Unlikely
Alarms Adequate
All Others
Don’t Know
Don’t Know 5%
Base: 457
Base: 146

11. Degree of Trust Concerning Information about Home Fire Sprinkler Systems
Respondents were asked how much they would trust the following individuals or organization to give them reliable information about home fire sprinkler systems.
Firefighters garnered far and away the greatest amount of trust.
A lot
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Fire
fighter
Friend/
Relative
Home
Builder
Home
Building
Media
Building
Supply
Store
Realtor
Base: 500

12. Home Fire Sprinklers and Firefighter Safety

13. Firefighter Injuries / Deaths by Occupancy
More injuries to firefighters occur in one and two family dwellings than any other occupancy
44% of all Line of Duty deaths occur in one and two family dwellings
One and two family dwellings are a greater danger to firefighters than all other occupancies combined

14. Effects of Injury / Death
The costs to the community to rehabilitate a firefighter from injuries sustained in the line of duty are 10 times greater than that of a death
This does not factor in the emotional issues to the family, friends, loved ones and fire department

15. But what about Smoke Detectors?
Smoke detectors have a 10 year life expectancy
It is stated that there are more non functioning / aged out smoke detectors in homes than there are homes without any smoke detectors.
When is the last time you personally checked your smoke detectors and what is the age of your device(s)?

16. But what about Smoke Detectors (cont.)
Smoke detection is a “passive” device that only warns of impending danger
Dependent on the type of fire and the specific smoke detection device, response to the condition could provide little time to initiate escape

17. How well do smoke detectors work?
From 1989 to 1999, a fatality occurred in 1 of every 5 residential fires with working smoke detectors
From 1999 to 2001, a fatality occurred in 1 of every 3 residential fires with working smoke detectors

18. How well does smoke detection work (cont.)
Only 58% of children ages 6 to 12 were awakened by the sound of a smoke detector activation
Of this 58%, only 38% of those awakened successfully evacuated the residence

19. What about Residential Sprinklers?
The purpose is to prevent Flashover, control / contain the fire, but will often extinguish the fire
Keeps smoke, heat and products of combustion at a survivable level for occupant egress
Temp. at eye level degrees
Temp. at ceiling level 500 degrees
Maximum CO level ppm

20. It is time to realize that firefighting involves fighting time, not fire.
2 minutes
4 minutes.
7 minutes.
The standard time-temperature curve shows that temperatures can reach over 1,000°F in five minutes and flashover can begin as early as 7½ minutes after ignition.

21. Side by Side Burn Example

22. In the video we witnessed flashover in 2:30 minutes Fire Sprinklers Save Lives

23. How do NFPA 13 Systems compare to NFPA 13D Systems?

24. NFPA 13 Systems
NFPA 13 systems are designed for commercial occupancies
The average sprinkler head (SSP, SSU) discharges 25 to 35 gallons per minute.
Sprinkler heads are located “everywhere” – attics, basements, crawl spaces, closets and concealed spaces
Systems are designed for the flow of multiple heads (12-15 on average)
Required FDC and hydrostatic test of 200 psi
Designed primarily for property conservation
Life safety is a byproduct of the system

25. NFPA 13D systems Are designed for 1 and 2 family dwellings
The average sprinkler head discharges 13 to 18 gallons per minute
Required Sprinkler heads are located in paths of function / egress only – bedrooms, hallways, kitchens, dining rooms and laundry rooms - none in attics, crawl spaces – closets
Systems are designed for the flow of 1 to 2 sprinkler heads – (typical k-factor 4.5 to 4.9). This represents a density of .05 gpm per square foot
Typically, a Fire Department Connection is not required
Designed primarily for life safety only but will contain or frequently extinguish the fire

26. How are Residential Sprinklers Different ?25
How are Residential Sprinklers Different ?
Respond 5 Times Faster than commercial systems
Less Water Needed
Different Water Application
Lower Cost to Install
More Aesthetically Pleasing
Review the notes in this slide

27. Standard Spray Sprinkler
High Wall Wetting Capability
Residential
Sprinkler
Standard Spray Sprinkler

28. High Wall Wetting Capability
Standard Spray Sprinkler
Residential
Sprinkler
36”
30”

29. What do Residential Sprinklers Cost ?30
What do Residential Sprinklers Cost ?
Reference Materials:
Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition Brochures
Average cost of 1% - 1.5% of new construction
Retrofit would typically cost more.
Due to recent reductions in the cost of residential sprinklers, current
installation processes and modern materials, a complete residential sprinkler
system may add only 1 to 1.5 percent to the total cost of new construction.
What if there is not a good municipal or county water supply?
Then we must add approximately $2,000 to $3,000 for a stored water supply and
pressurizing device. Several companies currently have available “packaged”
residential pump and tank systems.

30. Average House $ 500,000.00 2,000 sqft house $5,000.00 approximate cost
1% of total house cost
Less money than most granite counter tops
Small price to pay for your family’s safety

31. NFPA 13D Sprinkler system costs
Typical cost for new construction in a single family home with a good municipal water supply – between $2.50 and $3.00 per square foot

32. What if I am on a Well?
While a municipal water supply is the best water supply source, a stored water source is also permitted. A 10 minute water supply is needed for a 2 head activation (generally 300 to 400 gals.) The addition of a storage tank and pump assembly adds approximately $4,500 to the system cost.

33. NFPA 13D Pump/Tank Example
Pump/tanks are designed to fit through most doors
220V power supply required
Can be wired by the contractors electrician

34. How Are We Going to Reduce Costs?
Reduce the number of sprinklers in the design to two as per NFPA 13D
This results in less water required
This results in less pressure required to push it
This results in smaller (less expensive) pipe

35. Where Fires Start That KILL People in 1 & 2 Family Dwellings & Mfg
Where Fires Start That KILL People in 1 & 2 Family Dwellings & Mfg. Housing
Living Room 41%
Bedroom %
Kitchen %
Storage Area 4%
Heating Equipment Room 3%
Structural Area 2%
Other Areas 8% 9

36. The 8% Sprinklers shall be installed in all areas Except:
Bathrooms less than 55 ft.2
Clothes closets, linen closets and pantries less than 24 ft.2 least dimension 3 ft.
Garages, carports & open attached porches
Attics, crawl spaces and concealed spaces 11

37. How Are We Going to Reduce Costs?
Reduce the water supply requirements
We’ve already reduced the number of heads in our design to two
Lower the flow requirements from .10 to .05gpm/ft2
Lower the duration requirement to 10 minutes (7 mins. if it is a single story home < ft.2)

38. Improve Aesthetics Make sprinkler heads smaller
Make sprinkler heads concealed or recessed
Offer them in various colors / shades

39. To These
From this

40. Residential sprinkler heads are esthetically pleasing – concealed heads look like an electrical cover plate

41. Fully Concealed Residential Pendant Sprinkler Head

42. Semi-Recessed Pendant Sprinkler Head

43. How to Design and Calculate NFPA 13D Systems

44. #1 – Water Information Request flow test data from municipality
If flow test data is not available perform flow test at closest fire hydrant
A flow test will provide 3 points on a graph
1 – static pressure
2 – residual pressure
3 – total flow

46. #2 – Sprinkler Head Layout
Utilizing AutoCAD a Sprinkler Designer will layout sprinkler heads according to NFPA 13D and the sprinkler head specific listing
Residential sprinkler heads can cover up to 400sqft of floor area
Sprinkler design example on next page

48. #3 – Run Piping to Sprinkler Heads
Connect all sprinkler heads
Reference architectural details (coffer/vaulted ceilings etc.
Pipe back to incoming water supply

49. #4 – Hydraulic Calculation
Using a program such as Hydracalc enter all nodes, elevation, heads etc.
Reference flow test data
Size piping to maintain minimum density requirement

50. #5 – Submit Drawing to Professional Engineer
Professional Engineer will review drawing for accuracy and code requirements
Engineer Stamp
Submit to municipality

51. #6 - Installation Install as per NFPA 13D Chapter 7
Control Valve, Drain, Pressure Gauge
NFPA 13D Fire pump system (if required)
Rough in sprinkler piping and place heads as per drawing
Install escutcheons when painting is complete

52. #7 – Engineer review Engineer will review installation
Provide deficiency report
Provide Sprinkler Verification
Completion

53. This might not work

54. Questions?

55. Who needs to be educated?
Fire Service
Code officials
Homeowners
Elected officials
Insurance agents/agencies
Homebuilders
Technical and Community colleges
All Stakeholders
Fire service. We need to educate ourselves. Learn what the facts are and be able to dispel myths that even fire service believes. What do your firefighters know about sprinklers other than what they learned in FF I and II. Do they know about multi purpose systems? We need to be able to talk about sprinklers to all of these stakeholders.
Fire inspectors and building officials need to understand about multi purpose systems and the need for sprinklers. Need their support for push for code changes.
Homeowners. If mom’s and grandma’s knew that they could be protecting their families better they would be asking questions. New home builders when asked about sprinklers will probably tell you…”Never thought about it”. We need to get them to start thinking about it.
Elected officials- Especially with the BCC events we need to make sure that we educate all of the elected officials that we can.
Insurance agents don’t even know a lot of times if there are any reductions to insurance cost, sometimes looked at as a flood hazard.
Homebuilders. – Young homebuilders have no clue about sprinklers other than what they are hearing from NAHB
Tech and CC- educate homebuilders about sprinklers so they know when they start building

56. Resources Canadian Fire Statistics 2007 NFPA 13D 2010 Edition
Stoughton Fire Protection Ltd.