1. How Living Things Get Energy From Glucose

2. What Is ATP? Form of energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

3. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar

4. ATP . . .
supplies YOU with ENERGY!

5. We Get Energy From ATP . .
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates

6. The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP
Energy
released
Energy used
ADP

7. ATP is made in 2 Ways:
1. Cellular Respiration - takes place in both Plants & Animals

8. Cellular Respiration Process in which cells get energy from glucose.
Requires oxygen – AEROBIC
Results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules (That’s a LOT!)

9. Analogy:
The mitochondria are the engines of our cells. Glucose is burned for fuel. The exhaust is
CO2 & H2O.

10. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2
6CO2 + 6H ATP’s

11. 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration:
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

12. Cellular Respiration Takes Place . . .
in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle & ETC take place in the Mitochondria

13. Review of Mitochondria Structure
Smooth outer Membrane
Folded inner membrane
Folds called Cristae
Space inside cristae called the Matrix

14. Glycolysis
Process of splitting glucose (6 C) into two 3-C molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate).
Produces 2 ATPs
Reactant: Glucose
Products:
ATP = energy
NADH = electron carrier
2 Pyruvic acids = will be broken down next
* Does not require O2 - ANAEROBIC

15. Krebs Cycle Produces Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Takes place in matrix of mitochondria
Produces
NADH (electron carrier)
FADH2 (electron carrier)
CO2
2 ATP

16. Electron Transport Chain
Occurs on Inner Mitochondrial membrane
Produces 34 ATP and H2O

17. 2. Fermentation
Occurs after glycolysis when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Breaks down pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
TWO TYPES:
Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP

18. Alcohol Fermentation Makes 2 ATP, alcohol, CO2
Products important in bread making and in beer and wine industries

19. Lactic acid fermentation
Makes energy (2 ATP), CO2, and lactic acid
Takes place in some fungi, some bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus - Yogurt), and occasionally in our muscles
Lactic acid in yogurt gives the tart taste.
Lactic acid in muscles causes soreness.