1. Biliary imaging: a review1
John Baillie, Erik K. Paulson, Kenneth M. Vitellas 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 124, Issue 6, Pages (May 2003)
DOI: /S (03)

2. Figure 1
ERC showing extravasation of contrast medium from the cystic duct stump following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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3. Figure 2
ERCP showing a distal bile duct stricture raising concern for malignancy.
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4. Figure 3
ERCP showing a classic “double-duct sign”: both the bile duct and the pancreatic duct are narrowed in the head of the pancreas. In 90% of cases, this indicates the presence of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
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5. Figure 4
ERC showing a proximal extrahepatic biliary stricture suspicious for cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder cancer.
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6. Figure 5 EUS image showing a common bile duct containing stones.
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7. Figure 6
ERC showing primary sclerosing cholangitis with a dominant extrahepatic biliary stricture.
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8. Figure 7 EUS of the gallbladder showing stones.
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9. Figure 8
Normal thick-slab MRC: this 30 mm MRC image shows normal extrahepatic and central intrahepatic bile ducts. Note the intrahepatic bile ducts are normally not visualized. Note the gallbladder and duodenum (arrows).
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10. Figure 9
Pancreatic carcinoma. The extrahepatic bile duct and the pancreatic duct are dilated (“double-duct sign”) secondary to a pancreatic head mass. Note strictures of the distal common bile and pancreatic ducts (arrows).
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11. Figure 10
Benign stricture: thick-slab MRC shows gallbladder, intrahepatic bile duct and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation secondary to a stricture (arrows) at the distal common bile duct in this patient with acute pancreatitis.
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12. Figure 11
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: MRC image (A) shows hilar, central, and peripheral bile duct strictures. The central intrahepatic bile ducts, which should normally be visualized in their entirety, are poorly visualized, compatible with the presence of strictures. Peripheral bile duct strictures prevent these ducts from distending in the presence of central strictures. (B) These findings are confirmed on the ERC image.
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13. Figure 12
Cholangiocarcinoma: ERC could not opacify the intrahepatic bile ducts because of a hilar obstruction. PTC image shows dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and obstruction at the hepatic hilum. MRC image provides a “road map” of the ducts above and below obstructing lesions. Note the hilar stricture on MRC (arrow). Other MR sequences (not shown) showed a large unresectable infiltrating cholangiocarcinoma.
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14. Figure 13
Bile duct leak: A 27-year-old man developed acute abdominal pain one hour after removal of a biliary T-tube. Axial gradient recall echo (GRE) MR images obtained 1 hour after the intravenous administration of mangafodipir trisodium shows contrast extravasation in the perihepatic space (white arrows). The leak was arising from the right hepatic duct (black arrow). Findings were confirmed at ERC.
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15. Figure 14
MDCT with IV contrast in an 83-year-old man with obstructive jaundice. Using a workstation, the imaging set was rendered in an oblique sagittal plane along the porta hepatis. Images show a multiseptated fluid attenuation mass in the region of the common bile duct. Differential diagnoses for this mass include lymphocele, lymphangioma, or cystic nerve sheath tumor.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (03) )