1. Lipids

2. What are they?
Lipids are organic molecules essential for life that are composed mostly of C, H, O
They are not a chain polymer like carbohydrates
4 types of lipids
fats (triglycerides)
phospholipids
steroids
waxes

3. Triglycerides Fat molecules
Structure = 3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerol
Can be saturated or unsaturated
3 fatty acids
Glycerol
BIG FAT molecule!!

4. Forming Triglyceride Molecules
Fatty acids link to the glycerol in a way similar to how monosaccharide monomers link in carbohydrates

5. Function of fats Fats are stored energy Fats cushion internal organs
Very concentrated
twice the energy of carbohydrates
Fats cushion internal organs
Fats provide insulation for animals
blubber

6. Saturated vs unsaturated fats
If the fatty acids have only single bonds in them, the fat is said to be saturated
If the fatty acids have one or more double bond they are unsaturated
Most animal fats are saturated
Most plant fats (oils) are unsaturated

7. Phospholipids Structure: 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate head
Fatty acid chains = non-polar = hydrophobic “water fearing”
Phosphate head = polar = hydrophillic “water loving”
Function: Make up the cell membrane

8. Steroids Structure: 4 fused Carbon rings examples:
cholesterol – Function =control the fluidity of the cell membrane
hormones – Function = regulate processes in the body (such as pregnancy)
vitamins (A, B, D) – Function = supports metabolism and cell processes

9. Waxes Solid at room temp Insoluble in water Function: Examples:
Protective covering for
animals and plants
Examples:
Beeswax
Earwax
Cuticle of leaf (keeps water in)