1. BELLWORK: January 22nd
How did the French aide the colonists against Britain?
List three changes made to the new American gov.
List one similarity and one difference between the English Civil War and American Revolution.
THINKER: Today we will begin our study of the French Revolution. One reason French citizens rebelled was because of economic problems. Read the first two paragraphs on page 508 and summarize THREE of these economic problems.

2. The French Revolution: Causes
A major turning point in European history! Swept away old institutions and a new order emerged - one based on individual rights!

3. Long-Term Causes
The Enlightenment: Encouraged liberty & individual rights
American Rev: Example of freedom and democracy
Social Problems: The Estates System (hierarchy)
Political Conflict: Unfair absolute monarchy (Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette)
Economic Weakness: Expensive wars, lavish spending by kings

4. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

8. Marie at age 13; this portrait was sent to Louis to see if he approved
Marie Antoinette
Born to the Emperor and Empress of Austria.
France pursued an alliance with Austria, so Louis decided to take an Austrian wife.
Came to power in 1774.
Marie at age 13; this portrait was sent to Louis to see if he approved

9. Marie Antoinette
French citizens did not support the marriage because of the historic rivalry and high tensions between Austria and France.
After the birth of their son, fighting between Austria and France broke out

10. Marie Antoinette
Spent millions on diamonds, clothing, palaces, and art.

11. This controversial portrait was considered “improper” for a queen

12. Upon learning that peasants had no bread and were starving, Marie Antoinette responded: “Let them eat cake!”

13. Causes: The Estates System
French society was divided into estates (classes)
The three estates determined a person’s taxes, rights and status
Let’s read about it!
Page 506!

15. The First Estate Made up of clergy About 1% of the population
Controlled 5 – 10% of land in France
Enjoyed many privileges
Did not have to pay taxes

16. The Second Estate Made up of the nobility About 2% of the population
Owned 25% of land in France
Held high positions in the government and military
Owned large estates and paid no taxes
Incomes came mostly from peasants living and working on their land

17. BELLWORK – 1/23 Define bourgeoisie. Define taille. Who paid this?
Why did people dislike Marie Antoinette? List two reasons!
THINKER: If the First and Second Estate were so wealthy, why couldn’t they just pay taxes to help France get out of debt? Why was it such a big problem to tax the First and Second Estates? Explain!
When you are finished, read about the Third Estate (pgs ) and fill in the last row of the hierarchy from yesterday’s notes!

19. The Third Estate Made up of Middle Class (bourgeoisie) & peasants
About 97% of population
Middle Class (doctors, lawyers, merchants) were educated and wealthy, but had no prestige or privileges
Peasants were forced to pay over half of their income to king, clergy and nobles
Looked to Enlightenment philosophers that spoke about freedom and social justice
Led the revolution against the King  desired democracy!
The Third Estate

20. Causes: Estates-General
Faced with an economic crisis, the King proposed taxing the First and Second Estates
They refused!
Louis called a meeting of the Estates-General in 1789
French Parliament; had not met since 1614.

21. The Estates-General
Made up of delegates from each estate  1 vote per estate
The clergy and nobility always voted together and overruled the Third Estate
The Third Estate felt the vote should be based on population, thus giving them the majority vote

22. The Tennis Court Oath
Fearing a revolt, the king locked the Third Estate out of their meeting place in the Estates-General
The Third Estate then declared themselves the National Assembly and began meeting in an indoor tennis court
Here, they took an oath called the Tennis Court Oath—refusing to disband until they had a written constitution for France

23. The Storming of the Bastille
The Bastille (a Paris prison) symbolized injustices of the monarchy
On July 14, 1789 a mob surrounded the Bastille to steal weapons for the National Assembly
French soldiers killed 98 rioters and the rioters released 7 prisoners

24. The Storming of the Bastille
King’s authority collapsed
Popular hatred of the gov. encouraged peasants to revolt all over France.
The French Revolution begins!

26. Review: Outbreak of Revolution!
Stop ~7:30

27. Rule of the National Assembly & End of the Old Regime (509-510)
What was the goal of the National Assembly?
Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. (Inspiration? Laws?)
How does King Louis XVI respond to this? What eventually happens to him and his family?
How does the National Assembly limit the power of the church?
What type of government did the Constitution of 1791 establish?
How did political radicals view the new Constitution? What did they want instead? (Explain this radical shift!)

28. Why did people dislike Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Why did people dislike Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette? List as many reasons as possible!

29. Marie Antoinette
During the French Revolution, Louis and Marie were blamed for the majority of the country’s problems.
A mob broke into their palace
Marie became a widow in January 1793 when her husband was executed
By this time, Marie’s health was deteriorating – she had tuberculosis and cancer.
Marie was tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal and found guilty of treason.
She was executed in October 1793, at the age of 37.