1. Summative Assessment Review of;
Scientific Method &
Measurements

2. Scientific Method
1-5

3. Question 1 A possible explanation or answer to a question is A. Fact
B. Law
C. Synopsis
D. Hypothesis
It’s a tentative explanation, often based on an educated guess or past experience, for the observed event or relation. Example: Concerning the mysterious question in life of why bread always seems to land jelly side down and what factors play a role in that one could come up with the following hypothesis.
The mass of the jelly on a given piece of toast will effect the way in which it will land, either jelly side up or jelly side down.

4. Question 2
A series of steps scientists follow to solve problems are A. Scientific methods B. Experimental Guidelines C. Investigation methods D. Standard procedures
The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions. Scientists use the scientific method to search for cause and effect relationships in nature. In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way.
The steps of the scientific method are to:
Ask a Question
Do Background Research
Construct a Hypothesis
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. A "fair test" occurs when you change only one factor (variable) and keep all other conditions the same.

5. Question 3
Communicating the results of an investigation allows other scientists to…?
A. Prove evidence
B. Change results
C. Focus an investigation
D. Review evidence
Publication is also vital to science as a whole. One of the cornerstones of the scientific process is the free exchange of information. As long as everyone publishes their results, Science progresses foreward: if someone publishes a new finding, other scientists can use that information to expand their own work and build upon the new findings, rather than every scientist having to do every experiment independently. Similarly, publication is essential for each scientist, because the review process gives the researcher a broader view of the work, and often suggests fruitful paths that the scientist may not have otherwise taken.
Publication is the way that scientists communicate their findings with the rest of the world, but more importantly, the process of publication gives the scientist feedback on his or her work. There is a long process to get a paper published.

6. Question 4
What do scientists do to determine if their results support their hypothesis? A. Measure their evidence B. Change investigations C. Ask new questions D. Draw conclusions
Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if your hypothesis is true or false.
Your conclusions summarize how your results support or contradict your original hypothesis. This includes key facts from your background research to help explain your results as needed.
A conclusion states whether your results support or contradict your hypothesis.
It also states the relationship between the independent and dependent variable.
During this step you also summarize and evaluate your experimental procedure, making comments about its success and effectiveness.
Finally a conclusion suggests changes in the experimental procedure (or design) and/or possibilities for further study.

7. Question 5
A controlled experiment tests…? A. Many variables at once B. One variable at a time C. Complex data D. Conflicting data
An experiment which uses controls is called a "controlled experiment", and usually separates research subjects into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The control group is practically identical to the experimental group, although the experimental group is changed according to some key variable of interest, while the control group remains constant during the experiment. For instance, during drug testing, scientists will try to control two groups to keep them as identical and normal as possible, then allow one group to try the drug. This allows science to isolate the effects of the drug. If the two groups then vary in key measured dependent variables it can be attributed to the independent variable (drug) since it was the only factor that was allowed to change.

8. Measurements and International System of Units
6-13

9. Question 6
Why is it important to have the International System of Units? A. It preserves the system used in England long ago. B. It uses the smallest possible numbers. C. Its units are based on objects that vary in size. D. It can be used by scientists everywhere.
It is an international standard - if all countries use the same units, it makes communication easier.
The metric prefixes make calculations easier. For instance, it is much easier to convert kilometers to meters (multiply by 1000, that is, move the decimal point 3 digits to the right), than to convert miles to feet (I can't even remember the conversion factor, but it is not a power of 10).

10. Question 7 The volume of a liquid is often given in… A. meters
B. centimeters
C. Liters
D. Square units
The standard unit of volume in the metric system is the liter. One liter is equal to 1000 cubic centimeters in volume. Other units of volume and their equivalents in liters are as follows: 1 milliliter = liter 1 centiliter = 0.01 liter 1 deciliter = 0.1 liter 1 kiloliter = 1000 liters For reference, 1 liter is a little more than 1 quart. One teaspoon equals about 5 milliliters.

11. Question 8
The basic unit for mass is the… A. kilogram B. metric ton C. cubic meter D. meter
The standard unit of mass in the metric system is the gram. Other units of mass and their equivalents in grams are as follows: 1 milligram = gram 1 centigram = 0.01 gram 1 decigram = 0.1 gram 1 kilogram = 1000 grams For reference, 1 gram is about the mass of a paper clip. One kilogram is about the mass of a liter of water.

12. Question 9
The measure of how hot or cold something is…? A. Meter B. Volume C. Mass D. Temperature E. Density
Temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius in the metric system. The boiling point of water (at sea level) is 100°Celsius, or 100°C. The freezing point of water (at sea level) is 0° Celsius. A hot day is about 30° Celsius.

13. Question 10 The basic SI of length is …? A. Meter B. Volume C. Mass
D. Temperature
E. Density
The standard unit of length in the metric system is the meter. Other units of length and their equivalents in meters are as follows: 1 millimeter = meter 1 centimeter = 0.01 meter 1 decimeter = 0.1 meter 1 kilometer = 1000 meters For reference, 1 meter is a little longer than 1 yard or 3 feet. It is about half the height of a very tall adult. A centimeter is nearly the diameter of a dime, a little less than half an inch. A millimeter is about the thickness of a dime.

14. Question 11
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance is…? A. Meter B. Volume C. Mass D. Temperature E. Density
Density is defined as an objects mass per unit volume. 
The density can be expressed as
ρ = m / V 
Where;
ρ = density (kg/m3)
m = mass (kg)
V = volume (m3)
The SI units for density are kg/m3.
The higher the density, the tighter the particles are packed inside the substance.
In the example on the left more dense liquids sink and less dense liquid rise. The liquids will literally stack on one another due to their density differences.

15. Question 12
The measure of the amount of matter in an object is …? A. Meter B. Volume C. Mass D. Temperature E. Density
Defining mass is to say: mass is the measure of the amount of "stuff" in something. In the metric system mass is measured in kilograms and grams. The more mass something has, the harder it is to move or, the more sluggish it is.

16. Question 13
The measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space is …? A. Meter B. Volume C. Mass D. Temperature E. Density
Volume is how much three-dimensional space a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
The volume of a container is generally understood to be the capacity of the container, i. e. the amount of fluid (gas or liquid) that the container could hold.
In the International System of Units (SI), the standard unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). The metric system also includes the litre (L) as a unit of volume, where one litre is the volume of a 10-centimetre cube. Thus;
1 litre = (10 cm)3 = 1000 cubic centimetres = cubic metres,