1. Sectionalism in America
As America develops, the country is divided into three geographic regions with their own interests and concerns

2. Who’s Who America in the Early 1800’s
WASPs
White
Anglo-Saxon
Protestants
Slaves
650,000 slaves brought to the US between the 1600s and 1808
Over three million slaves in the US by 1840
Predominantly in the South

3. Economic Trends in the Early 1800’s
South
Predominantly farming
Some large plantations
1815: American farmers sell 33% of their crops
Northeast
Banking
Trading and shipping
Small production
West
Fur trade
Lumber

4. Connected by Transportation
Early 1800’s
Travel by stagecoach
Poorly maintained, dirt roads
Expensive and time consuming
Road Improvements
Turnpikes created
Best example: Federally funded National Road which ran from Maryland to the Ohio River (WV)
Near Scranton, PA

5. Proud Mary Keep on Rollin’!
Steamboat development
Robert Fulton designed the Clermont
Could travel upstream
Travel times before steamboat
Travel could be dangerous as the engines were liable to explode!
New Orleans  Louisville, KY
(1,440 miles)
Transatlantic
Pre steamboat
4 months (120 days)
25-50 days
Post steamboat
20 days
10-14 days

6. What If There’s No Waterway?
Canal construction
1816 100 miles
1840  3,300 miles
Built mostly in the Northeast…why?
Erie Canal
Lake Erie to the Hudson River
Cut costs for shipping goods
NYC becomes the nation’s trading center
POPULATION BOOM!

7. Railroads
Arrived in America from Britain in the 1820s, but the trains were pulled by horses.
Steam engines replaced the horses
Could move products and people in a quicker, less expensive way than canals.
Railroad tracks
1830 13 miles of track
1860  31,000 miles of track

8. Who Will Build the New Infrastructure?
Immigrants
Irish Immigrants
Push Factors: Potato blight and famine
Pull Factors: Jobs, opportunity, freedoms
Key years:
German Immigrants
Push Factors: Drop failures and political revolutions
Pull Factors: Freedoms, jobs, land

9. How Many? 1821–1830 143,439 immigrants arrive

10. The Irish Immigrants Leaving in a hurry Poor Uneducated Catholic
Speak another language
Arrive individually
"American labor pays war taxes on all these articles for the sole benefit of Trust, Monopoly & Co.”

12. Where Do They Settle? Northeast Cities
Not far from where they landed or along routes of employment (canals, railroads, etc.)

13. The German Immigrants Can arrange for travel Many come with money
Educated farmers
Catholic/Protestant
Speak another language
Arrive as families

14. An Interesting Side-BAR!

15. What Other Employment Opportunities Are There?
Industrial Revolution arrives in US from England
Slater Mill
Pawtucket, RI
Slater brought plans for mills from England
Employed families in the mills along the rivers
Lowell Mills
Also stole information from England
Used “Lowell girls” as a labor source
The factory systems changed more than just the speed of production. How might the worker’s life have changed?

16. Eli Whitney’s Two Major Impacts
Interchangeable Parts
OLD SYSTEM: Each item made by hand individually which led to a craftsmen needing to repair or modify the equipment
NEW SYSTEM: Make items out of identical parts. This allowed any part of one piece to work in another piece of equipment
* Factories develop, costs of items down, “cottage industries” out
Cotton Gin
OLD SYSTEM: Slaves picked the seeds from cotton plants by hand, a tedious and time consuming process.
NEW SYSTEM: Cotton gin pulled seats as the cylinder turned, allowing a single slave to do the work of 50 slaves.
* Cotton costs drop, demand up, need for field slaves increases

17. Division Begins to Be Seen
Regions adopt different economic ideas:
North: Factory system
South: Cotton production
West: Farming and Expansion
As the regions develop different economic ideas, their cultures also change.
This division and greater concern for one’s region as opposed to the greater good of the country is called sectionalism.