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Lecture 25 (CSI) Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors.

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Presentation on theme: "Lecture 25 (CSI) Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors."— Presentation transcript:

1 Lecture 25 (CSI) Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

2 CSI Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Monsanto Explosion
Lecture 21 3/29/11 Web Lecture 25 – 3/29/2011 Class Lecture 21 CSI Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Monsanto Explosion T2 Laboratories Explosion

3 CSI: Case I Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Massive blast at Terra plant kills four

4 Example 1: Safety in Chemical Reactors

5 Example 1: Safety in Chemical Reactors
Only liquid A in the vat as the product gases N2O and H2O escape immediately after being formed.

6 Unsteady State Energy balance
Adiabatic T If the flow rate is shut off, the temperature will rise (possibly to point of explosion!) t (min

7 CSI: Case II Monsanto Chemical Company Keeping MBAs Away From Chemical Reactors
The process worked for 19 years before “they” showed up! Why did they come? What did they want?

8 Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction
NO2 NH2 Cl NH3 + NH4Cl ONCB Ammonia Nitroanaline Ammonium Chloride HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

9 Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction
Autoclave 175 oC ~550 psi NH3 Separation Filter Press NH3 in H2O ONCB O-Nitroaniline Product Stream “fast” Orange To Crystallizing Tanks HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

10 Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction
Old 3 kmol ONCB 43 kmol Ammonia 100 kmol Water V = 3.25 m3 HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

11 Same Nitroaniline Synthesis Reaction
NO2 NH2 Cl NH3 + NH4Cl ONCB Ammonia Nitroanaline Ammonium Chloride Batch Reactor, 24 hour reaction time Management said: TRIPLE PRODUCTION HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

12 MBA Style Nitroaniline Synthesis Reactor
New 9 kmol ONCB 33 kmol Ammonia 100 kmol Water V = 5 m3 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor HSF, 12/5/2018

13 Batch Reactor Energy Balance
HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

14 The rate of “heat removed” is
For high coolant flow rates, , the maximum rate of heat removal is The rate of “heat generated” is

15 Recall For isothermal operation at Qr = Qg, T = 448 K Vary to keep “heat removed” equal to “heat generation”

16 Isothermal operation for 45 min
Everything is OK HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

17 Adiabatic Operation for 10 minutes
HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

18 Temperature-time trajectory
9:55 t = 0 10: :50 midnight 12:18 Isothermal Operation Cooling Restored Qr = 0 200 175 400 Temperature oC fuse HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

19 Disk Rupture No explosion
The pressure relief disk should have ruptured when the temperature reached 265°C (ca. 700 psi) but it did not. If the disk had ruptured, the maximum mass flow rate out of the reactor would have been 830 kg/min (2-in orifice to 1 atm). No explosion HSF, 12/5/2018 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

20 x3!!! All the following Three things must have occurred for the explosion to happen Tripled Production 2. Heat Exchange Failure 3.Relief Valve Failure

21 CSI: Case III Manufacture of the fuel additive methylcyclopentadiene manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT)

22 Production of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT)
Production of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT). Step 1a. Reaction between methylcyclopentadiene (MCP) and sodium in a solvent of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme, C6H14O3) to produce sodium methylcyclopentadiene and hydrogen gas: Step 1b. At the end of Step 1a, MnCl2 is added to the reactor. It reacts with sodium methylcyclopentadiene to produce manganese dimethylcyclopentadiene and sodium chloride: Step 1c. At the end of Step 1b, CO is added. The reaction between manganese dimethylcyclopentadiene and carbon monoxide produces the final product, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT), a fuel additive.

23 Only consider Step 1 Desired Reaction Undesired Reaction of Dygline Simplified Model Let A = methycylcopentadiene, B = sodium, S = Solvent (diglyme), and D = H2. These reactions are (1) A + B  C + 1/2 D (gas) (2) S  3 D (gas) + miscellaneous liquid and solid products

24

25

26 (2) Rates Laws: Net Rates: (3) Stoichiometry – Liquid Phase

27 (4) Energy Balance:

28

29 End of Lecture 21

30 End of Lecture 24

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