1. China: Chapter 5
Dragon: symbol of good luck; believed to be gods that brought rain and good harvests; rivers were described as dragons – limbs were smaller streams, body was main river, mouth was the delta.
Terrace Farming: practice of carving “shelves” into hillsides on which crops could be grown on “terraces”
Ancient China was isolated by mountains, seas, and deserts
North China Plain and its highlands were places where fertile soil existed; deposited by Huang River
Civilization developed along rivers
Ancients didn’t know of rest of world and called themselves “Middle Kingdom”

2. China: Chapter 5
Loess (LOH es) is yellow-brown soil that the Yellow River deposits when it floods – very fertile
Millet – small round grain that is a main part of Chinese diet
HUANG RIVER
Called Yellow River
2nd longest in China
Seasonal floods brought fertile soil, but also could do harm
Yellow River often called “China’s Sorrow” due to annual floods

3. China: Chapter 5
Dikes – protective walls built to hold back flood waters
Yellow River floods could drown thousands; sometimes created whole new river course
People built dikes and later dams to control flood water
Farming began in Huang River Valley as early as 5000 BCE

4. China: Chapter 5 SHANG DYNASTY
Dynasty – family or group that rules as monarchs for generations
Bronze – ancient metal that was mix of copper and tin
SHANG DYNASTY
First ruling dynasty
Built first cities – 1760 BCE
Worked in bronze
Created writing system with its own alphabet
Ruled for approximately 600 years

5. China: Chapter 5 Mandate – a law or order; something that is required
ZHOU DYNASTY
Settled west of Shang Dynasty
Lived as neighbors for many years
Eventually conquered Shang
Ruled China from about 1122 BCE
In eastern areas small kingdoms developed and fought for control

6. China: Chapter 5
Extended Family – Closely related people – parents, grandparents, great grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.
Mandate of Heaven: belief that dynasties came to power because it was their destiny – a mandate
Allowed dynasties to retain power for many years

7. China: Chapter 5
Patriarch – male who is leader of a group, usually a family
Patriarchal – a family or group that is ruled by a male
Matriarch – female who is leader of a group, usually a family
Matriarchal – a family or group that is ruled by a female
FOCUS ON FAMILY
Extended Family was the center of life for Ancient Chinese
Thought to be more important than country or individual
Households were made up of as extended families and were patriarchal
Status within family was based on gender and age

8. China: Chapter 5
Oldest male was head of family and had absolute authority
Women had lower status than men
Women were expected to follow “three obediences”: obey fathers; husbands; oldest sons
Chinese women were expected to be moral, modest, speak properly, and have domestic skills

9. China: Chapter 5 Family Names
China was first culture to have two names for its people – a family name (“last”) and a given name (“first”)
Put family name first so Abe Lincoln would be called “Lincoln Abe” in China

10. China: Chapter 5
Philosophy – system of beliefs or values that people follow
Philosopher – someone who studies or creates a certain philosophy and shares ideas about it
Confucius – early Chinese teacher and philosopher (Kong Fu Zi)
Born 551 BCE to noble but poor family
Self-taught
Decided to be a teacher
Thought of as China’s first professional teacher

11. China: Chapter 5 Wanted to bring order to society
Believed that by teaching people to behave properly, peace and order would result
Felt everyone should be treated with respect
“Do not do to others what you would not want done to yourself.”

12. China: Chapter 5 Teachings have come to be called “CONFUCIANISM”
A philosophy, not religion – ideas for improving behavior and society; most widely studied in China
TAOISM – philosophy that said people should live in harmony with nature and lead a balanced life

13. China: Chapter 5
Civil Service – a group of people who do the work of the government
Confucius’ teaching had impact on Chinese government
Basic part of training for all civil servants
People could advance based on merit – how well they did their jobs, or how qualified they were

14. China: Chapter 5

15. China: Chapter 5

16. China: Chapter 5

17. China: Chapter 5

18. China: Chapter 5