1. The Age of Imperialism

2. I. The Age of Imperialism
A. Imperialism = the policy of extending a nations authority and wealth by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations. (Bully Theory)

3. I. The Age of Imperialism
1. European exploration during the 16th Century had led to the discovery of new lands.
2. The Industrial Revolution started a race to Imperialize these lands to take advantage of their natural resources, labor, and markets.

4. B. Nations competed for overseas empires, challenging Britain’s lead in Industrialization.
1. In the mid-1800s, Britain was the most powerful nation in the world.
a. It’s factories produced more goods than those of any other country.
b. The British Navy guarded the oceans so that those goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe.
c. British banks loaned the money needed to build factories, mines, and railroads worldwide.
2. By the late 1800s, Germany and the United States started challenging Britain’s economic leadership.
3. Faced with possible decline, Britain looked to its colonies for markets and resources.

5. Natural for stronger to dominate weaker
Social Darwinism
Applied Darwin’s theory of Survival of the fittest to competition between nations
Natural for stronger to dominate weaker
(with people and in diplomacy)

6. C. Nations competed for overseas empires
C. Nations competed for overseas empires. Imperialism fostered rivalries.
Other countries followed Britain’s lead and came to see colonies as necessary for their economic well-being.
The French expanded their holdings and by 1900 France had an empire second in size only to Britain’s.
b. Belgium, Germany, Spain, Portugal, and Italy also attempted to build new empires in Africa.

7. The establishment of artificial boundaries in Africa by these European countries would lead to serious issues years later when Africa would regain its independence.

9. The Zulus

10. Southern Africa Shaka Zulu The Zulus
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation.
Zulu
Nation
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

11. Southern Africa
The Zulus also fought the Boers (Dutch Farmers) as they migrated north from Cape Colony.
Eventually, they also fought the British who tried to colonize Southern Africa.
But they lost.
The Zulus
Zulu
Nation
Boers
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

12. Southern Africa AFRICA Cape Colony European Territory
In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted apartheid.
Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
South
Africa
Cape Colony
Cape
Town

13. Europeans In Africa Britain France Germany Italy Belgium Portugal
By 1914
Portugal
Spain

14. Britain’s claims in Africa were second in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural resources.
British Territory
Britain controlled Egypt because of its strategic location.

15. France was very powerful in North Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
French Territory

16. Liberia and Ethiopia Independent Africans
After the slave trade was outlawed, abolitionists in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in Liberia. The former slaves named the capital city Monrovia in his honor.
President
Monroe

17. Liberia

18. Effects of Imperialism
Positive Results
Negative Results
1. Unified national states created
1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders
2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition
2. Created population explosion  famine
3. Increased agricultural production
3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
4. Improved transportation and communication facilities
4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights.
5. Expanded educational opportunities
5. Downgraded traditional African culture  westernization

19. Effects of Imperialism
European Imperialism by 1914
Britain
France
Germany
Belgium
Home Area
(Square Miles)
94,000
212,600
210,000
11,800
Home Population
(Millions)
45.5 42
67.5
8.3
Global Colonial Area
(Millions of Sq. Miles)
13.1
4.3
1.1
.94
Global Colonial Population (Millions)
470 65 13

20. Effects of Imperialism
European Imperialism by 1914
Region
Percentage Colonized
Australia
100%
Africa
90.4%
Asia
56.5%
Americas
27.2%

21. Two non-European countries, the United States and Japan, also became involved in overseas expansion during this period.
a. Both the U.S. and Japan were interested in East Asia.
b. The U.S. was also deeply tied to Latin America.

22. Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national pride.
5. Thus, the race for colonies grew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition.

23. How did Africa and Asia lose? Europeans believed they were superior.
1. Following the Industrial Revolution, Europeans regarded their new technology (weaponry, telegraphs, railroads etc.) as proof they were better than other peoples.
2. Europeans believed that they had the right and duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries. (Social Darwinism)

24. E. Novels and poetry also glorified Imperialism .
1. One of the most popular writers of the day was Jungle Book author Rudyard Kipling ( ).
2. Kipling appealed not only to his readers’ sense of adventure but also the their feelings of superiority.
3. He saw imperialism as a mission to “civilize non-Europeans” and urged his readers to Take up the White Man’s Burden.
Take up the White Man’s Burden
Take up the White Man’s burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go send your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child

25. After the age of Imperialism

26. Before the age of Imperialism