1. Once Johnson is impeached, Congress passes Reconstruction Act of 1867..
Republicans would elect Grant as their President and he would carry out the Radical Reconstruction.

2. President Ulysses S. Grant

3. Grant Administration Scandals
Grant presided over an era of unprecedented growth and corruption.
Credit Mobilier Scandal.

4. The Panic of 1873 It raises “the money question.”
debtors seek inflationary monetary policy by continuing circulation of greenbacks (soft money.)
creditors, intellectuals support hard money. Grant sides with the rich

5. 1876 Election Tilden did not receive enough electoral votes.
Special Commission gives votes to Hayes.
Democrats refuse to recognize Hayes as President *
*Disputed Electoral votes
164
369 total electoral votes, need 185 to win.

6. vs
Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel Tilden
The Democrats and Republicans work out a deal to recognize Hayes as President
Compromise of 1877

7. social reality
SEGREGATION
Jim Crow laws, laws at the local and state level which segregated whites from blacks and kept African Americans as 2nd class citizens and from voting.
poll taxes
literacy tests
grandfather clause
Plessy V. Ferguson 1896

8. JC laws

9. Gilded
Age
Politics/The
"Politics of
Equilibrium"

10. Waving the Bloody Shirt!
Republican “Southern Strategy”

11. Well-Defined Voting Blocs
Democratic Bloc
Republican Bloc
The Presidency as a Symbolic Office
Very Laissez Faire Federal Govt.
Senator Roscoe Conkling

12. 1880 Presidential Election: Republicans
Half Breeds
Stalwarts
Sen. James G. Blaine Sen. Roscoe Conkling (Maine) (New York)
compromise
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)

13. 1881: Garfield Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau: I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!

14. Pendleton Act (1883) Civil Service Act.
The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform.

15. Introduction Until 1870 agriculture was America’s leading industry.
The Civil War increased industrial development ( EX: Railroad)
Problem: RR’s are very expensive to build
Require government subsidies (Land/Money)
Congress commissions two RR Corp.
Union Pacific RR (1,086mi)
Central Pacific RR (689mi)
Promontory Point, Utah in 1869.

16. Revolution by Railways
What the Railroad accomplished
What wrongdoing they did
Americans slow to regulate
Wabash vs. Illinois 1886
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

17. Miracles of Mechanization
Reasons for Rapid Industrial Expansion
Liquid Capital (Lots of $)
Natural resources could reach factories (transportation)
New Larger Market encouraged mass-producing inventions (Larger populations)
New Machines meant you could replace skilled labor with unskilled labor
New ideas were flourishing (inventions)

18. The Trust Titan Emerges
Vertical Integration-
EX: Andrew Carnegie (Steel King)
Horizontal Integration-
EX: John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil)
Interlocking Directorates-
EX: J. P Morgan (Banking)

19. The Supremacy of Steel Skyscrapers Machines Railroad
How do we see steel holding the US together?
Skyscrapers
Machines
Railroad
Bessemer Process (most important)
Steel is stronger then iron

20. Rockefeller Grows as American Beauty Rose
New Industry = Oil
Kerosene
Internal combustion engine and automobile.
Gasoline

21. The New Industrial Order
Social Darwinism
“Robber Barons”
What did the people think of this?
Gospel of Wealth
Social Gospel:
Governments reaction to Trusts:
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

22. Impacts of New Industrial Revolution on America
Increase in wealth in US/standard of living
Increase in urban population (immigrants)
New way of life
Self producing farmers now become wage earners
Time
Factory Life
Increase in class divisions/struggle
1/10 of people owned 9/10 of nation’s wealth in 1900

23. Impacts of New Industrial Revolution on America
Women are the most effected group during the new move to industry!

24. Labor/Labor Unions Key Unions: Knights of Labor
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Key Strikes:
Homestead Strike (1892)
Pullman Strike (1894)
Corporations are strong and big and have government influence.
View of Labor, organized or not?

25. The Urban Frontier The Growth of cities Mass transit
Skyscrapers
Mass transit
Why did people move to the city?
New Problems with emergence of Cities
Crime = White/$ Flight
Fire/No Building Codes (Until 1871)
Little government (corrupt)
Old vs. New Immigration
Nativism-Why?
Labor Union-Anti Immigrant-Why?
Opportunities for Women

26. Narrowing the Welcome Mat
Congress takes Action…
1882 banned paupers, criminals and convicts
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act: Chinese banned
1885 Prohibited foreign workers under contract (usually below avg. wage)

27. Did Americans believe this? (No Notes)
“Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door. “

28. Lust for Learning
During this time we see an increase public education. Educational success= new mindset
FACTS:

29. Hallowed Halls of Ivy Colleges after Civil War REASONS:
Educational opportunity increased for African Americans and Women

30. Education for African Americans
Question: How do African Americans gain the rights/equality of other Americans?

31. Education for African Americans
Booker T. Washington = Founded Tuskegee Institute (1881)
W.E.B Du Bois-
“talented tenth”- should be given full and immediate access to American life.
Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909

32. Appeal to the Press
A new type of journalism arises = “yellow journalism”
Joseph Pulitzer (NY World)
William Randolph Hearst (San Francisco Examiner)

33. Families and Women in the City
Urban life = hard on families (work)
Trends:
New work habits
New family sizes
Women
More social/economic opportunity
Jobs
Nightlife
ERA OF DIVORCE is launched
Victoria Woodhull