1. Regents Review: Human Rights Violations

2. Kosovo Yugoslavia was a multinational state created after WWI.
People who live there: Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and Albanians (Muslims).
After fall of communism created their own nations: Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia.

3. Ethnic Cleansing
In Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs tried to remove non-Serbs by force.
Bosnians became refugees. Many others brutalized or killed.
Policy of ethnic cleansing.

4. Slobodan Milosevic
Yugoslav President Milosevic (a Serb) used army to prevent non-Serbs from breaking away from Yugoslavia.
Supported ethnic cleansing.
Sent troops against Albanians in Kosovo who demanded self rule.

5. NATO Intervenes
Serbs began a brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing against Muslim Kosovars.
Milosevic refused NATO peace plan.
Milosevic arrested and tried.
Died in jail

6. Genocide in Rwanda

7. Rwanda Population of 7 million: 85% Hutu and 14% Tutsi.
In 1994 Hutu extremists supported by the government began to murder the Tutsis.
500,000 killed

8. History of Violence
Two groups are very similar: same language and traditions.
Belgian colonists divided them according to ethnicity. Carry identity cards.
Belgians considered Tutsis superior and gave better jobs and education.
Hutu resentment caused riots in ,000 Tutsis killed

9. continued 1962- Rwanda granted independence.
Hutus took their place. Tutsis used as a scapegoat in every crisis.

10. Building Up To Genocide
Tutsi refugees formed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).
RPF goal- overthrow the government and return to their homeland.
April 1994 President Habyarimana’s plane was shot down.
Presidential guard began a campaign of retribution.
Slaughter of Tutsis began.

11. Aftermath
July 1995 RPF captured the capital. The government collapsed and RPF declared a ceasefire.
A multiethnic government has been formed and all refugees are free to return to Rwanda.

12. Apartheid in South Africa

13. Apartheid
System of separation of the races. Apartheid enforced segregation.
Blacks had to live in homelands.
Separate trains, beaches, schools and other public facilities.
Interracial marriages banned.
Blacks had to carry I.D. cards.

14. African National Congress
ANC launched boycotts and practiced non-violent civil disobedience.
Nelson Mandela was ANC leader- jailed for 27 years.
Desmond Tutu- black Anglican bishop convinced nations to impose economic sanctions.

15. F.W. de Klerk Became President of South Africa in 1989.
De Klerk legalized the ANC and released Mandela from jail.
Abandoned apartheid and ended segregation laws.
1994- Mandela becomes the first black President of South Africa.
Mandela and DeKlerk win Nobel Peace Prize.

16. Tiananmen’s Square
China

17. Tiananmen’s Square Deng allowed for greater economic freedoms.
Students traveled abroad and studied in Europe and U.S.
May 1989 student protestors entered Tiananmen’s Square to protest for more rights and freedoms.
Pro-Democracy demonstration.

18. Deng’s Response Students refused to disperse.
Deng sent in troops and tanks.
Thousands of Chinese students were killed or wounded.
Deng wanted to maintain control.
1990’s efforts to get China to end human rights violations failed.

19. One Child Policy
China

20. Mao Zedong Mao wanted people to have many children.
Children raised in communist ideology.
Said “each child is born with one stomach and two hands.”
When Deng comes to power the population is 1.1 billion.

21. Deng’s One Child Policy
Deng’s policy to limit population growth.
Incentives- couples who sign a pledge get better housing and medical care.
Penalties- heavily fined, home can be destroyed, take your job away.
Peer pressure- couples who have more than one child turned in by neighbors.
Education- posters, distribute birth control.
Forced sterilization policy.

22. The Sudan- Darfur

23. Sudan's Civil War
For 21 years tensions between Arab Muslims in the North and Christian Africans in the South.
Competing for scarce natural resources.
Arab Muslims dominate the government.

24. Janjaweed
February Government backed groups known as Janjaweed terrorize Africans.
Destroy villages, maiming men, ransacking food supplies and block international assistance.

25. The Terror Campaign
Janjaweed carryout systematic campaigns of rape against women.
Government is carrying out ethnic cleansing.

26. The Situation In Darfur
More than 2 million killed.
1.2 million displaced from their homes.
200,000 fled to Chad.
405 villages destroyed.