1. The Nation Breaking Apart
Growing Tensions Between North and South

2. Missouri Compromise 1820 Author: Henry Clay
Missouri would be admitted as a Slave State.
Maine would be admitted as a Free State.
All territory in the Louisiana Territory above the 36, 30 Latitude Line, slavery would be outlawed.

3. Wilmot Proviso 1846 Outlaw slavery in any territory won from Mexico.
David Wilmot, House of Representatives
(Pennsylvania)
Outlaw slavery in any territory won from Mexico.
South: Bill was unconstitutional, congress had no right to stop them from bring their property into the new territories. Constitution protected their property rights.
House: Passed
Senate: Failed

4. Wilmot Proviso 1846 Results: Creation of the Free Soil Party.
Dedicated to to stopping the spread of slavery.
“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”.
Made slavery a key issue in politics from that point on.

5. The Compromise of 1850 Author: Henry Clay
North
South
California: Free State
Slave trade would be abolished in Washington D.C.
Congress would not pass anymore laws about slavery in the territories won from Mexico.
Congress would pass a stronger Fugitive Slave Law.

6. The Fugitive Slave Act
People accused of being escaped slaves could be arrested at any time.
No right to a jury trial.
Required Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves.
Created the Federal Marshalls.
Judge would decide their fate.
$5 for releasing the person.
$10 for turning the person over the slaveholder.

7. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
Author: Stephen Douglas, Senator (Illinois )
Organize the governments for the Nebraska Territory.
Divided into the Kansas and Nebraska Territories.

8. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
The issue of slavery would be decided by Popular Sovereignty.
Popular Sovereignty:
The People Decide!!!!

9. Bleeding Kansas
Kansas Territory would be the first place Popular Soverneigty would be put to the test.
Both Proslavery and Antislavery people rushed into Kansas.
Election would held in March of 1855.
More Proslavery people were in Kansas at the time of the election.

10. Bleeding Kansas
Border Ruffians: 5,000 Missourians crossed the boarder and voted .
Kansas Territory became a slave territory. Capital was in Topecca.
Antislavery people called the election fixed and formed their own government. Capital was in Lawrence.

11. Bleeding Kansas May, 1855: Sack of Lawrence Mob attacks Lawrence
Destroys offices and the Govener’s home
John Brown: Extreme Abolitionist

12. Bleeding Kansas Pottawatomie Massacre:
John Brown and seven others attack Pottawatomie Creek.
Five Proslavery men were killed.
Civil war broke out in Kansas that lasted for three years.
Became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

13. The Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott: Slave of a Military Doctor from Missouri.
Owner took him into Wisconsin & Minnisota territories, which are both free territories.
After the death of the doctor, Aboloitionists talked Dred Scott into sueing for his freedom.

14. The Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott v. Sanford: Reached the Supreme Court in 1857.
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the courts ruling.

15. The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was not a citizen.
(Slaves were Property/U.S. Constitution)
As a result, he could not sue in U.S. Courts.
Scott’s time in the free territories did not matter in his case, because he had to abide by Missouri’s slave codes.

16. The Dred Scott Case Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
To do so would violate the 5th Amendment.
(Property Rights)
Declared the Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional.

17. Lincoln—Douglas Debates
The Republican Party grew out of the problems caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
No room for comprimise on the expansion of slavery.
The violance in Kansas was the Democrats (Southern slave holders) fault.
Republicans quickly gained support in the Northern states.

18. Lincoln—Douglas Debates
After the Supreme Court made it’s ruling on the Dred Scott Case, the Republicans charged that the Democrats wanted to legalize slavery everywhere.
Illinois: Senate Seat
Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln
Democrats renominate Stephen Douglas

19. Lincoln—Douglas Debates “A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand”
Stephen Douglas
Author Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
Abraham Lincoln
Little known Lawyer
Southerns wanted to expand slavery everywhere

20. Lincoln—Douglas Debates
The two men debated all over Illinois (7 times).
Lincoln:
Slavery was “a moral, a social and a political wrong.”
It should be stopped from spreading, but not to abolish it completely.

21. Lincoln—Douglas Debates
Popular Sovereignty was most the democratic method to use.
Dred Scott case made Popular Sovereignty unconstitutional.
“The people have the lawful means to introduce or exclude it as they please.”
Douglas won relection.

22. Harpers Ferry Federal Arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
John Brown and 18 men, 13 whites & 5 blacks.
Capture the arsenal and use the arms to rally the local slaves to join him to start a rebellion.
October 16, 1859 attack took place and they were able to capture the arsenal.

23. Harpers Ferry No slaves came to join him and his gang.
They were surounded by Federal troops led by Robert E. Lee.
When the fight was over, 10 had been killed and Brown and six of his men had been captured.

24. Harpers Ferry Results:
John Brown was put on trial for Murder and Treason.
Found guilty and sentenced to hanged.
North: On the day he was to be Hanged. Abolitionists rang church bells and fired guns in his honor.
South: The people were horrified by his actions and were in disbelief by the reactions in the North.

25. Election of 1860 Republican Party: Nominates Abraham Lincoln.
Platform: Stop the spread of slavery in the new territories.
Democratic Party: Divided
Platform: Northern Democrats wanted to use Popular Sovereignty, Southern Democrats wanted no boundries on slavery.

26. Election of 1860 Democrats split the party:
Northern Democrats
Nominate Stephen Douglas
Platform: Popular Sovereignty
Southern Democrats
Nominate John Breckinridge
Platform: Slavery allowed in territories
New Party: Constitutional Union Party:
Nominate John Bell
Platform: To save the Union

27. Election of 1860 Voter map Electoral Vote Electoral Popular Lincoln
180
1,865,593
Douglas 12
1,382,713
Breckinridge 72
848,356
Bell 39
592,906

28. Response to the Election Southern
During the campaign, the Southern States alsways said, if Lincoln was elected, they would secede.
They joined the Union voluntarily, so they had the right to leave the same way.
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina was the first state to leave the Union. Followed by
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.

29. Response to the Election Northern
President Buchanan: U.S. Constitution was framed to prevent this from happening.
Majority rules and the Southerners were not willing to live by the election results.
Crittenden Plan: Author John Crittenden
Adding 6 amendments to the Constitution
Proposed 4 resolutions

30. Crittenden Compromise
Author: John Crittenden
Compromise:
Amendments to the Constitution.
The continuation of slavery where it already existed.
Compensation for the owners of fugitive slaves.
It also proposed to reenact the Missouri Compromise to extend the boundary to the Pacific.