1. Chapter 4 : Lesson 3 Political Geography

2. What influences the level and type of a country’s government?
Essential Question
What influences the level and type of a country’s government?

3. What is Political Geography?
The study of governmental systems from around the world

4. What is Government?
An organization that people set up to protect their community and to enforce its rules
Roles of the government:
To protect lives
To protect liberties
To protect property of members of the community
To provide services that the people cannot provide on their own

5. Autocracy
Power and authority are in the hands of a single person. Opposition usually is not tolerated.
Monarchy
Absolute
Limited
Constitutional
Feudalism

6. Oligarchy
A small group holds power and they often suppress opposition.
Their power comes from:
Wealth
Military position
Social position (family)
Religious position

7. Monarchy Ruled by a family headed by a King or Queen
The ruler inherits their power - when the ruler dies, power is passed to one of the monarch’s children or close relative
These monarchs (kings, sultans, emperors) surround themselves with followers and advisors who help them govern

8. Constitutional Monarchy
Monarchs share power with an elected legislature
Parliament
Usually the monarch serves as the symbolic head of state while elected members of Parliament govern the country
Example: United Kingdom, Jordan

9. Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy
Qaboos Bin Said Al Said – Sultan of Oman
Imperial household of Japan (ko shitsu) oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world. Akihito.
Queen Elizabeth - United Kingdom-constitutional monarchy
Sheikh Sabah Al‑Ahmad Al‑Jaber Al‑Sabah. Kuwait is a constitutional monarchy
Mswati III of Swaziland, Africa’s last absolute monarch in the world.
Cambodia‑Sihamoni
Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy

10. Republic A republic is a government without a king or a queen.
Usually when a country overturns its monarchy it will become a republic.
Republics can be democratic, theocratic, or parliamentary.
An example would be the United States, which is a Democratic Republic

11. Branches of United States Government

12. Democracy Government authority is based on the will of the people.
People either vote on issues directly, or they elect representatives who make government decisions for them.
People have certain rights – whereas they can criticize the government freely.
There are two types that we see:
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy

13. Direct Democracy
The very first known democracy was in ancient Greece in the 5th c BCE.
Democracy is Greek for “people-power.”
Citizens assembled to make decisions for their city-states.
They voted on these issues directly. This is where the term direct-democracy evolved from.

14. Representative Democracy
It is a democracy where different social groups elected their own representatives, who then met in assemblies.
Nobles were represented in the Senate
Government power was divided between two branches and voting was on various issues.
Romans were the first to develop the representative democracy.

15. Direct Democracy - in which citizens have direct and active participation in the decision making of the government.
Representative Democracy - citizens remain the sovereign power but political power is exercised indirectly through elected representatives.

16. Dictatorship One individual holds complete political power
The leader either seizes control by force or is placed into a position of authority by others
the citizens have no influence over governmental policy and do not have the right to choose their own leaders
Pros – easy, quick to makes big changes
Cons – corruption, dissent is not allowed
Examples:
Former Saddam’s Iraq
Zimbabwe
Former Nazi Germany
Former Libya
Article for the Worst Dictators.
Theme for dictator page.

17. What do you think the colors of the map tell us about government(s) around the world? What do you think each color represents?

18. Countries marked in dark colors are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships. Most of current dictatorships are in Africa and Asia.

19. http://www. foreignpolicy

20. Communism
The state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power
the elimination of private ownership of property or capital
Example: Cuba, People’s Republic of China, North Korea
Pros – Classless Society
Cons – lack of Freedom

21. Theocracy
Government run by religious leaders. It is an old form of government, like a monarchy.
Government claims to be directed by God or divinely blessed.
No legal separation between church and state
Citizens of other faiths are often excluded or expelled.
Ancient times rulers were often priests.

22. Examples of Theocracy throughout history.
In the Middle Ages, the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope, ruled extensive territories in Italy.
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an emperor who was also head of the church.
Pharaohs of ancient Egypt were believed to be gods.
Iran, has both a theocratic and democratic government. The President and representatives are elected but are controlled by the Supreme Leader.
In early colonial times, Puritan ministers helped govern Massachusetts.
The Supreme Leader is an Islamic cleric appointed for life.

23. “Anarchy” or “Failed State”
Failed state interactive website.
Nobody in charge, only gangs and warlords.
Fueled by drugs or desire to control resources.
Happens when a country collapses.
Example: Somalia, parts of West Africa

24. What kinds of borders?
Cultural Boundary – a geographical boundary between two different cultures
Natural Boundary –created by physical features that divide one place from another
Example: Rio Grande River (Mexico and US)

25. 1. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:
The pharaoh was an absolute ruler. He commanded the army and controlled irrigation and grain supplies. People in this society considered the pharaoh to be a god.
Monarchy

26. 2. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT
In the first century AD, the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy. The Jews at the time did not fit into any of these categories as they believed only God and his laws were sovereign.
Theocracy

27. 3. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:
In 450 B.C. this civilization assembled and all citizens voted on laws. A council of 500 prepared business for the assembly.
Direct
Democracy

28. 4. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:
The Nazi Party took over every aspect of this country’s social, economic & political life. Hitler quickly secured his power by burning down a legislative building and used the incident to obtain emergency powers, becoming an absolute ruler.
Dictatorship

29. 5. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT:
In this country some people are elected to make laws and some people are appointed officials.
Representative
Democracy

30. Google Classroom Assignment : Video
Using the Internet research Hong Kong. In a three paragraphs tell me about Hong Kong's history of government, what it is now and what it was, also explain possible ways that Hong Kong’s natural boundaries affect Cultural boundaries and lifestyles of Hong Kong citizens

31. Review Question:
Chapter 4 : Lesson 3
Read pages and answer Review Questions on page 91 Hand in Google Class Room.