1. Matter
Any thing that
has mass and
takes up space

2. Matter
Matter is composed of many small particles that are called atoms.
Atoms are microscopic, and help to give the matter its fixed shape, or very flexible shape.

3. States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas

4. Solids
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Ex. Diamond
Salt
Sugar

5. Types of Solids Melts at a specific Temperature Crystalline
A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
Ex. Salt
Sugar
Snow
Melts at a specific Temperature

6. Types of Solids Amorphous
A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern
Ex. Plastics
Rubber
Glass
Does not melt at a distinct temperature

7. Liquid Definite Volume No shape takes on the containers shape
Called a fluid
because it can
flow easily.
Ex. Water
Orange
Juice

8. Properties of Liquids Surface Tension
The tightness across the surface of water that caused by polar molecules pulling on one another
Viscosity
A liquids resistance to flow

9. Gases No definite Shape No Definite Volume
The particles are free to move freely in the space they are given
Ex Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide

10. Plasma
No definite shape
No definite volume
Ex. Stars
Suns

11. Changes of State Melting Solid to a liquid
Ice- At 0°C ice stops increasing, and then starts to melt into water.
Melting Point
The specific temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

12. Changes of State Freezing Liquid to a solid
Particles stop moving to begin to form a regular pattern.
Freezing Point
The specific temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
Freezing point and melting point for water is the same

13. Changes of State Evaporation
Liquid to Gas
Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid

14. Changes of State Boiling
Occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below the surface
Boiling Point
Specific temperature at which a substance boils

15. Changes in State Condensation Gas to a liquid
Occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.
Sublimation
Solid to a gas
Occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. They do not pass through the liquid state.
Example- dry ice