1. The Making of a Revolution 1754-1783
Chapter 5
The Making of a Revolution
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2. The French and Indian War
AKA: The Great War for the Empire
AKA: The Seven Years War
French had forts running across north
Fort in Ohio territory
French destroyed fort and built own forts
George Washington with 150 men
resulted in war with the French
France has early advantage
Spread to Europe – Seven Years War
Britain sends in troops

3. BRITAIN VICTORIOUS: The Peace of Paris
Treaty of Paris 1763:
France gone
Great Britain: Canada and east of Mississippi
Spain: Philippine Islands and Cuba
Separate treaty: Spain got New Orleans and the huge area west of the Mississippi
Treaty of Fontainebleau

4. BURDENS OF AN EXPANDED EMPIRE
Great Britain’s national debt doubled 1763
Indians remained un-pacified
Many English resented Americans because colonies were becoming rich and powerful
Population migration

5. Pontiac and Paxton Boys
1763 – Pontiac’s Rebellion
Pontiac (Ottowa) and his followers attacked British forts across the region.
In July 1766 Pontiac signed a treaty of peace.
In December 1763, the Paxton Boys attacked a Delaware village, killed six people, and burned the town.
Hatred of Indians would haunt the inhabitants of North America for a long time to come.
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6. The Proclamation Line of 1763
Colonies become drain on British
due to cost of fighting Indians
Increase control – no settlers west of Appalachian mountains
British Motives:
to save money
to prevent trouble with Indians
to keep colonies tied to Britain
Threats of new taxes:
George Greenville and Parliament asks colonists to pay a fair share of war’s costs
Colonists not happy.

7. “The Revolution Was in the Minds of the People”
According to John Adams:
“The Revolution was in the minds of the people, 15 fifteen years before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”
The revolutionary change took place for many reasons.
1/5th of colonists were loyalists
African slaves were loyalists
Indian tribes were loyalists
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8. Transition from the “Rights of Man” to Revolt
Throughout the 1770s, Locke’s ideas inspired the Revolution’s advocates who believed in the need to overthrow unjust authorities:
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Benjamin Franklin.
Aftermath of the Great Awakening:
Disturbed the peace, split churches and undermined all authorities
Not a great leap for citizens to judge those in civil authority
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9. Tensions Rise Navigation Acts 1765 -- Sugar Act 1764
Restrictions put on colonies: enumerated articles
Wool Act 1699
Hat Act 1732
Sugar Act 1764
Tariffs on imported goods
violators tried before British court
seen as a tax (“taxation without representation”)
Colonists did not believe in “virtual representation”
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10. THE STAMP ACT: The Pot Set to Boiling
Excise taxes on all printed matter
Very little money was collected
The stamps were often seized and destroyed
British powerless
Parliament ignored protests
May 1765: Patrick Henry: Parliament had no power to tax the colonies
October 1765: Stamp Act Congress met
Passed resolutions: taxes not to be imposed without colonial consent

11. TAXATION OR TYRANNY?
British believed they were acting in best interests of colonists: Americans viewed it as being treated as children
Quartering Act 1765
Refused to buy British goods
Stamp Act was repealed March 1766 by Parliament
Declaratory Act (passed same day Stamp Act repealed)
Stated colonists were subordinate
Parliament could enact any law it wished
Americans saw this as unconstitutional assertion of authority

12. THE TOWNSHEND DUTIES June 1767: Townshend Duties
Taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported
Revenue pays royal governors and judges
Colonists boycott British goods, increase manufacturing
Board of Customs Commissioners enforced trade laws
1768 Massachusetts General Court’s letter
Townshend Acts were “Infringements of Rights”
Samuel Adams
British troops from the frontier to Boston

13. THE POT SPILLS OVER
Boston: 4,000 British soldiers added to town of 16,000
March 5, 1770: Boston Massacre resulted in death of five Bostonians
April 1770 all Townshend duties except tax on tea were repealed

14. THE TEA ACT CRISIS
Spring 1773: British East India granted permission to sell directly to colonies
Cut out American merchants
In Boston, British were determined Townshend tax would be collected
Boston Tea Party
December 16: band of colonists disguised as Indians dumped the tea overboard
Actions were clearly supported by most of the colonists

15. Intolerable Acts 1774: Coercive Acts
Boston Port Act: closed the harbor of Boston citizens paid for tea
Administration of Justice Act: transfer of court cases outside Massachusetts
Massachusetts Government Act: strengthened power of the governor
Quartering Act
Americans called them the Intolerable Acts

16. Growing Unity in the Colonies— The First Continental Congress
1774 – Philadelphia, First Continental Congress
All colonies, except Georgia, sent representatives.
believed Parliament had no right to legislate for the colonies
Condemned all Britain’s acts since 1763
Organized “Continental Association” to boycott British goods and to stop all exports to the empire
Local committees were appointed to enforce the boycott

17. From Lexington and Concord to Bunker Hill—Revolt Becomes War
April 1775 – Battles of Lexington and Concord
June Battle of Bunker Hill
After that battle, however, the American forces became better organized and gained support from all 13 colonies.
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18. African-Americans in the Armies of Both Sides
The outbreak of war opened a new avenue to freedom for American slaves.
Some heard the rumor that the British intended to “come to help the poor negroes.”
In Winter , Washington finally embraced black volunteers.
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19. THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
May 10, 1775: Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia
Group more radical than First Congress
Members included:
Who is chosen President of Congress?
Continental Army and appointed commander (who did they choose?)
Members included: John and Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin
John Hancock chosen President of Congress

20. THE GREAT DECLARATION Colonists concerned about final break
Traditions, language, history, etc.
Concerned what “lower” classes might do with independence
Concern over whether common people really could govern themselves
January 1776: moved to break by two events
Hessian soldiers
Publication of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Congress:
April: opened American ports to foreign shipping
May: urged states to frame constitutions and establish state governments

21. George Washington and His Victorious Patchwork Army
Washington understood that though his army could fight, they could not withstand a direct battle with British regulars.
For much of the war, his goal was not a decisive victory, but avoiding a decisive loss.
He knew the British would tire of war.
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22. Major Battles of the American Revolution.
Map 5-4 Major Battles of the American Revolution.