1. Wind circulation through the atmosphere
Global and Local Winds
Wind circulation through the atmosphere

2. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
What makes the wind blow? Have you ever thought about why wind occurs?

3. Energy Transfer
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, or energy that can travel through space is called radiation.
Visible light Majority of sunlight in the form of a mixture of all the colors you see in the rainbow (ROYGBI).
Infrared radiation Form of energy with wavelengtsh longer than visible light and is not visible but can be felt as HEAT!
Gamma Radiation – Short wavelengths that can break bonds.

4. Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is the natural occurance that keeps Earth WARM!
The greenhouse effect helps regulate temperature on Earth.

5. As visible light (radiation) enters the atmosphere, it is converted to infrared radiation and is trapped by gases in the air.
These gases are called Greenhouse Gases!

6. Thermal energy is transferred through the atmosphere by:
Radiation – sunlight reaching the Earth’s atmosphere.
Conduction – Transfer of that energy by CONTACTING the actual atmosphere.
Convection – Transfer of thermal energy by movement of AIR particles within the atmosphere.

7. Ozone Layer
The Ozone Layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
The Ozone Layer is the mass of protective gases clinging to our planet.
Remember that as elevation in creases, the temperature in creases in the Stratosphere.
Why do you think the Stratosphere layer gets warmer?

8. Ticket out the door
What is the ozone layer and why is it important?

9. Greenhouse Effect

10. The Sun’s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space)

11. When and where does the most intense Insolation occur?
What is Insolation?
The incoming solar radiation (energy from the Sun) that reaches Earth
When and where does the most intense Insolation occur?
Time of Day: Noon
Time of Year: June 21 (NH)
Where: Near the Equator

12. How much solar radiation reaches Earth?
The Earth’s surface only absorbs 51% of incoming solar radiation

13. Greenhouse Effect
The Process by which atmosphere gases absorb heat energy from the sun and prevent heat from leaving our atmosphere.
In other words, greenhouse gases trap heat energy and keep it close to earth.
3 Main Greenhouse Gases: CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2), Methane, and WATER VAPOR

14. The Greenhouse Effect works like a Greenhouse Write your explanation and question in your notes

15. The sad tale of Frosty…. 
What happened to Frosty? And WHY???
Details people! Give DETAILS!
Watch through 3:15
Suzan’s “Deleted Scene” version:

16. Consider the Greenhouse effect on other planets
Mercury
Venus

17. What causes an Increase in Greenhouse gases?
1. CARBON DIOXIDE is added to the atmosphere when people burn coal, oil (gasoline), and natural gas FOSSIL FUELS, for transportation, factories, and electricity.

18. What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases?
2. Deforestation, or the clearing of forests, also increases the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in the air because in photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide and remove it from the atmosphere, they make oxygen.

19. What else causes an increase in Greenhouse gases?
3. Volcanoes, fires, and respiration (breathing) also add CO2 to the atmosphere.
Carbon Cycle

20. 4. Methane is produced when garbage is buried in landfills, from animal waste (poop), and from other natural sources.

21. 5. As temperatures increase, evaporation increases which adds water vapor.

22. Is Global Warming Happening?
How much have global temperatures changed between 1980 and 2000?
How much are global temperatures expected to change between 2000 and 2100?

23. Is Sea Level Rising? How much has sea level gone up since 1990?

24. Is Global Warming Melting Ice Caps
Is Global Warming Melting Ice Caps? What percent of the polar ice caps have melted since 1979?

25. Greenhouse Effect Vs. Global Warming
Greenhouse Effect is the natural process where retention of the heat by the greenhouses gases on the surface of the Earth, allowing the planet’s temperature to rise.
Global Warming is when the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and the oceans rise.

26. Create a t-chart and list the good and bad things that you can think about the greenhouse effect.

27. Is the Greenhouse Effect Good or Bad?
It is necessary for life (good)- it keeps our climate toasty warm and prevents it from fluctuating (changing) too much.
It is bad when: there are too many greenhouse gasses and the climate gets warmer (GLOBAL WARMING)

28. Global Winds and Air Movement

29. Wind is the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure
Air Movement
Wind is the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure
The greater the difference, the faster the wind moves

30. Differences in air pressure are caused by the uneven heating of Earth
Uneven heating produces pressure belts which occur every 30° latitude

31. Hot vs. Cold
Rises
Hot air
Cold air
Sinks

32. Where is the coldest areas on the globe?

33. Where is the hottest area on the globe?

34. What about the latitudes in between 30 and 60 degrees?

36. Now that we know where the convection in our atmosphere takes place, let’s take how these convection cells fuel global winds!

37. As warm air rises at the equator and moves toward the poles, it cools
Pressure Belts
As warm air rises at the equator and moves toward the poles, it cools
As it cools, some of the air sinks around 30° north and south of the equator

38. At the poles, cold air sinks and moves towards the equator
Pressure Belts
At the poles, cold air sinks and moves towards the equator
Around 60° north and south, the air begins to heat up and rise

39. These are polar easterlies, prevailing westerlies, and trade winds
Global Winds
The combination of pressure belts and the Coriolis Effect cause global winds
These are polar easterlies, prevailing westerlies, and trade winds

41. Wind belts that extend from the poles to 60° latitude
Polar Easterlies
Formed from cold sinking air moving from the poles creating cold temperatures
Wind belts that extend from the poles to 60° latitude

43. Prevailing Westerlies
Wind belts found between 30° and 60° latitude
Flow towards the poles from west to east carrying moist air over the United States

45. Winds that blow from 30° almost to the equator
Trade Winds
Winds that blow from 30° almost to the equator
Called the trade winds because of their use by early sailors

47. Doldrums
Located along the equator where no winds blow because the warm rising air creates an area of low pressure

48. Separates warm air from cold air
Jet Stream
The jet streams are narrow belts of high speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Separates warm air from cold air

50. Generally move short distances and can blow in any direction
Local Winds
Generally move short distances and can blow in any direction
Caused by geographic features that produce temperature differences

51. Air moves from the ocean to the land creating a sea breeze
Sea Breezes
High pressure is created over the ocean during the day and low pressure over land due to uneven heating
Air moves from the ocean to the land creating a sea breeze

53. Land Breezes
Low pressure occurs over the ocean during the night and high pressure over land due to the uneven heating of earth
This causes wind to move from the land to the ocean creating a land breeze

56. Question 1
What causes winds?

57. Answer
Winds are caused by the uneven heating of Earth’s surface, which causes pressure differences

58. What are the three types of global winds?
Question 2
What are the three types of global winds?

59. Answer
Polar Easterlies
Westerlies
Trade Winds

60. What is the difference between a land breeze and a sea breeze?
Question 3
What is the difference between a land breeze and a sea breeze?

61. Answer
Sea breezes occur during the day when the land is warmer than water and a land breeze occurs at night when the water is warmer than land