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Frog Dissection
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Scientists believe other vertebrates evolved from BONY LOBE-FINNED fish
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Scientific American; Dec 2005; Vol 293; p100-107
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FROG ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” AMPHIBIA “double life”
LATIN meaning KINGDOM _____________ PHYLUM ____________________________ SUBPHYLUM ___________________________ CLASS _______________________________ ORDER _____________________________ ANIMALIA CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” AMPHIBIA “double life” ANURA “without a tail”
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AMPHIBIAN CHARACTERISTICS
Moist, thin skin without scales Aquatic larva changes to terrestrial adult Feet without claws Respiration with gills, lungs, skin, mouth Closed 2 loop circulation Ectothermic (cold blooded) Eggs without shells or multicellular membranes
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http://users. erols. com/jkimball. ma
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ECTOTHERMIC “cold blooded”
Body temperature is dependent on surrounding environment
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HIBERNATION/ ESTIVATION
FAT stored in FAT BODIES provides energy Images from:
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What sex is it? Images from:
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Nictitating membrane Used for breathing Eardrum, located behind eyes
Clear eyelid, protects the eye image from:
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NO CLAWS image from:
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EXIT OPENINGS DIGESTIVE WASTE (feces) = _________________ ANUS
Shared EXCRETORY & REPRODUCTIVE EXIT = _____________________________ (Urine & eggs or Urine & sperm) ANUS UROGENITAL PORE
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TONGUE attached at front not back like yours!
Imagse from: TONGUE attached at front not back like yours!
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Tube leading to the stomach Equalize pressure in inner ear
image from: Tube leading to the stomach Equalize pressure in inner ear Used for holding prey Used for holding prey Used for breathing
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GLOTTIS Opening to lungs GULLET Opening to esophagus Front attached,
image from: Front attached, aids in grabbing prey GLOTTIS Opening to lungs GULLET Opening to esophagus
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OVARIES Make eggs Image from:
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Carry eggs to cloaca Add jelly coating
Image from: Carry eggs to cloaca Add jelly coating
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TESTES MAKE SPERM
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TESTES KIDNEY
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Females may have black & white eggs
Image from; Laboratory/frog%20dissection/frog%20dissection_files/frame.htm Females may have black & white eggs
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Pericardial membrane around heart Mesentery holds intestines together
image from: Pericardial membrane around heart Mesentery holds intestines together
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FAT BODIES Store fat for energy during: Hibernation Breeding
Image from:
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Image from: http://step.sdsc.edu/projects95/Frog.Dissection/index.html
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Gall Bladder Image from:
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Esophagus Stomach Tube that connects mouth to stomach
Make acid and digestive enzymes Start digestion (grind up food)
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LIVER: GALL BLADDER Make bile Store glycogen Store vitamins
Process toxins (including nitrogen waste) for kidneys Store bile
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PANCREAS
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Pancreas (enlarged)
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PANCREAS: Makes TRYPSIN, INSULIN, GLUCAGON
TRYPSIN- breaks down proteins INSULIN- tells cells to store glucose from bloodstream as glycogen GLUCAGON- tells cells to release stored glucose to blood stream
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SPLEEN Produces and stores new RBC’s and processes old worn out ones
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SMALL INTESTINE DUODENUM Receives trypsin and bile; finishes digestion
ILEUM Absorbs nutrients VILLI Increase surface area
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LARGE INTESTINE Removes water from digestive waste; concentrates feces
LARGE INTESTINE Removes water from digestive waste; concentrates feces
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10 Body Systems : ___________ __________ _____________ EXCRETORY
___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms: ___________ __________ _____________ MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least liver water to dilute FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES AMPHIBIANS EXCRETORY AMMONIA UREA URIC ACID
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ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!
DIGESTIVE waste- left over from undigested food travels through digestive system leaves through digestive system as feces EXCRETORY waste- (Also called NITROGEN WASTE) made by cells from break down of proteins travels through blood stream leaves through excretory system as ammonia, urea, or uric acid
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KIDNEYS- Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine; osmoregulation
Image from:
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URINARY BLADDER STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS LARVAE (Tadpoles)
Excrete AMMONIA like fish Adult frogs excrete UREA to conserve water
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CLOACA Posterior opening that serves as the only opening for the intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts
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HEART 3 chambered heart
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Heart 3 chambered heart Pumps blood
Atria to ventricles to body and lungs and back to atria. Ventricle contains both high oxygen and low oxygen blood (mixed) Not as efficient as if ventricle is divided Such as in mammals
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http://www. flushing. k12. mi. us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/frog/index
LUNGS: GAS EXCHANGE
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