1. Georgia and the Progressive Movement
Progressive Era
Georgia and the Progressive Movement

2. The Progressive Movement
Definition – a group of people who believes that humans could keep improving society to make it better and better
Three main ways to reform society
Progressives wanted government to fight poverty and improve the living conditions of its citizens
Progressives wanted government to break up monopolies and regulate business
Progressives wanted voters to have more influence in government
3) Most famous were muckrakers (investigative journalists)
4) Progressive reforms
prison reform, juvenile court system, labor reform, child labor laws, temperance movement, woman’s suffrage, government reform, civil rights

3. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives
Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
Ida Tarbell – The History of the Standard Oil Company
Impact
Creation of the Department of Agriculture
Creation of the Food and Drug Administration
Food and Drug Act
Food Safety and inspections
Impact
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Prohibits monopolies

4. Quick Thought
Which progressive reform/muckraker issue do you think had the most impact on American society? Why? Explain.

5. Civil Rights
Rise of white supremacy and the acceptance of racial segregation by both the whites and African Americans
Jim Crow Laws were established to allow the “separate but equal” principle Plessy v. Ferguson decision by the U.S. Supreme Court validated the principle of “separate but equal” facilities
Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education decision by the U.S. Supreme Court further validated segregation by stating that African Americans had the right to an education up to 8th grade, closing the High School did not violate the 14th Amendment, and it was a state issue and not a federal one
Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John Hope
Disenfranchisement - loss of voting rights – grandfather clause (1867), poll tax, literacy test
Race Riots in Atlanta 1906 – false reports surfaced of black assaults, whites and blacks gathered on Decatur Street, violence erupted, 18 blacks and 3 whites were killed after the 2 day riot

6. Jim Crow Laws (primary sources)

7. Quick Thought
What was a “red flag” or wrong with these two situations? How do you feel about these segregation laws? Explain.

8. Civil Rights (continued)
Plessy v. Fergusen – Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 white and 1/8 black, refused to move from the “whites only” rail car and was arrested. The US Supreme Court ruled in favor of segregation. The case resulted in further segregation between the blacks and whites, especially in the South.
Racial Violence
Between 1884 and 1918, over 2,500 reported lynchings or burnings at the stake
Increased violence against African-Americans especially after the Leo Frank case
Resurgence of KKK increased violence against Afircan-Americans

9. Reform Tradition in America
From Revolution to Civil War
American Revolution – colonists protested loud and often against various attempts by British government to tax them without consent of their colonial assemblies
Age of Jackson – voting rights, spoils system (all capable of public service), chosen by nation conventions, helped disadvantaged, education reform
Abolitionists and Civil War – William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman

10. Reform Tradition in America (con’t)
2) Reforms after the Civil War
A) Citizenship and Voting rights for African Americans (13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments)
B) Women’s Suffrage – Wyoming first territory or state to allow women to vote (1869); Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
C) Temperance Movement – Francis Willard and Carrie Nation
D) Civil Service Reform – before 1880’s person chosen by political connections; Pendleton Act (1883) created civil service system
E) Populists – government ownership of railroads; graduated income tax; more power to the voters

11. Booker T. Washington President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
He believed that for African-Americans, economic independence was the only road to social and political equality
Also believed that it would take time to achieve economic independence for whites to accept as equals
Atlanta Compromise speech – African-Americans must work hard to achieve equality
Up From Slavery

12. W.E.B Dubois Disagreed with Booker T. Washington
Believed African-Americans should
gain equality now, not later
Social and political integration, the “Talented Tenth” for education to become leaders
The Souls of Black Folk
Founding member of the NAACP
Editor for The Crisis magazine (NAACP)

13. John and Lugenia Burns Hope
Graduated from Brown University
Joined the faculty of Morehouse College
Became 1st African-America President of Morehouse College in 1906
Became President of Atlanta University in 1929
Founding member of the NAACP in 1909
Work with the YMCA
Lugenia Burns Hope was also a great civic leader
Neighborhood Union – provided financial aid to needy families

14. Alonzo Herndon Born a slave in 1858
Learned to be a barber, moved to Atlanta and opened 3 barber shops
1905 bought a small insurance company for $140 and named the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company
Now called the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the largest African-American owned businesses in the US

15. Guided Notes Questions
Who was the president of the Tuskegee Institute?
What was the “Atlanta Compromise”?
Who bought the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company? What was the name changed to?
What were two accomplishments of John Hope?

16. Summary Writing
How did African Americans try to regain their rights they lost after reconstruction?