1. Mr. Mott 10th Grade Chemistry
Matter and Change
Mr. Mott
10th Grade Chemistry

2. Some Criteria for the Classification of Matter
Properties
State (solid, liquid, gas)
Composition

3. Properties
Physical: can be observed without changing the composition of the substance.
Chemical: the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

4. Examples of Physical Properties
Color
Odor
Hardness
Density
Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility.

5. Examples of Chemical Properties
Reactivity with other chemicals
Toxicity
Flammability
Chemical stability
Types of chemical bonds that will form

6. Example: Physical Properties
Substance
State
Color
Melting
Point (C°)
Boiling Point (C°)
Density (g/cm3)
Oxygen O2
Gas
Colorless
-218
-183
0.0014
Mercury Hg
Liquid
Silvery-white
-39
357
13.5
Bromine
Br2
Red-brown -7 59
3.12
Water
H2O
100
1.00
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
Solid
White
801
1413
2.17

7. States of Matter Solid fixed shape and volume, incompressible Liquid
fixed volume, takes the shape of its container
Gas
takes the volume and shape of its container

9. Bromine
Gas (Vapor)
Liquid

10. Change of Phase
Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
Solid
Liquid
Gas

11. Classification of Matter by Composition

12. Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixture: a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

13. A physical blend of two or more substances.
Mixture
A physical blend of two or more substances.

14. Copper II Sulfate and its solution in water. What is it?

15. Copper II Sulfate and its solution in water. Heterogeneous Mixture

16. Example: Stainless Steel
What is it?
-Iron (Fe)
-Chromium (Cr)
-Nickel (Ni)

17. Example: Stainless Steel
A Homogeneous Mixture
-Iron (Fe)
-Chromium (Cr)
-Nickel (Ni)

18. Example: Gaseous Mixture
Air: a mixture of 78% Nitrogen,
21% Oxygen and 1% Other gases

19. What is this? Non-uniform composition throughout the mixture
Example:
Oil and vinegar
Non-uniform composition throughout the mixture
Two phases.

20. Heterogeneous Mixture
Example:
Oil and vinegar
Non-uniform composition throughout the mixture
Two phases.

21. The simplest substances. Can not be separated into simpler substances.
Elements
The simplest substances.
Can not be separated into simpler substances.
Building blocks of all matter.
More than 100 known elements.
Represented by chemical symbols.

22. Separation Methods
Use differences in the physical properties of the components of the mixture.

23. Example: Separate iron filings from sulfur using a magnet.

24. Filtration: separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

25. Distillation: -separate dissolved solids from a liquid -uses boiling and condensation.

26. Distillation of Crude Oil (Refining)
Crude Oil is a mixture of Hydrocarbons

27. Distillation of Crude Oil

28. Chemical Symbols of Elements
System started by Jons Berzelius (Sweden, )
One or two first letters of name of the element.
Many elements names have roots from: Latin, Greek, mythology, geography, names of scientists.

29. Compound
A substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined.
Compounds have different properties from the individual substances.
(Ex: H2O)

31. Burning of Methane CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

32. Formation of a Precipitate
Cu(OH)2
Precipitate