1. 1400-1625 European Exploration
SPAIN
FRANCE
ENGLAND
Southeast- Settled Ft. Augustine, FL. Destroyed French Fort Caroline. Built other forts for protection.
Southwest- New Mexico area was settled to mine for gold/silver
West- Spain didn’t want interference with their trade to Asia, began settling the west in 1700s.
Missionaries: Sent out by Catholic Church to teach, preach, and convert Native Americans.
1st successful French settlement was Quebec, Canada in 1608.
France mainly settled in St. Lawrence River Valley and Great Lakes region. They used the waterways as trade and transportation routes.
Fur trappers and traders.
Roanoke was the 1st English settlement, but it was a failure.
Jamestown was the 1st permanent English settlement, and was successful thanks to tobacco.
England hired privateers to raid Spanish and French
ships as they sailed
across the Atlantic.

2. Comparing Reasons for Exploration
Search for New Trade Routes
BOTH
Colonization and Spread of Religion
Spain, France and England all tried claiming land in the Americas for:
A passage from Europe to Asia
A way to make their countries money
Spain: Precious metals
France: Furs
England: Tobacco
Exploration by Europeans led to violence between them and the Natives, and attacks on one another.
Europeans also brought deadly diseases to the Americas killing a majority of the native people
Spain- Catholics who created missions which became current-day cities in the western US
England- Protestants who broke off into different branches based on beliefs
Puritans wanted a “purer” Church.
Separatists separated from the Anglican Church.

3. Religion in the Colonies
Quakers
They established communities in Delaware River Valley. Two colonies tolerated Quakers in this time period were Rhode Island and Pennsylvania.
Members of Protestant groups in England, they believed all people should be treated as equals not only in church, but in society and government.
Mennonites
Persecuted for their beliefs by Catholics and Protestants.
Mostly German in descent.
Also known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.
Honest, hard-working, and peaceful.
Became what we know as Amish.

4. Columbian Exchange Explain what was traded between Europe West Africa
The Americas
(see map on page 26)
What were the results of the trade?
(Look at Section 4 notes for positive and negative affects)

5. Colonial America
Jamestown, VA: Settlers had to get a charter, or certificate of permission from the king of England to establish the colony. The charter allowed investors to create a joint-stock company, named The Virginia Company and share in any profits and losses. Nearly failed due to: Conflict with Native Americans, Unrealistic Expectations, Location, Starvation, and Poor Leadership.
Plymouth, MA: Founded because of religious conflicts in England. Separatists who came over on the Mayflower were called Pilgrims because they were making a religious pilgrimage to the new world. Created the Mayflower Compact, the principles of which would become part of the founding of American government as we know it.
Williamsburg, VA: After Bacon’s rebellion and the burning of Jamestown, Williamsburg became the capital of the Virginia colony. It later became the birthplace of American liberty.

6. 3 Colonial Regions
New England: Dominated by religion, mostly Puritans. Economy was based on waterways; fishing, trapping, whaling, ship building and logging. Massachusetts Bay Colony was a part of both the Great Migration and Salem Witch Trials.
Middle: Had a diverse population with people coming from many different countries, had good ports/harbors for trade and shipping. Catholics, Jews, Lutherans, Presbyterians (Baptists) were all in the Middle colonies. Some crops (mostly grains and oats) were grown, but most people were craftsmen; blacksmiths, cobblers, millwrights, wigmakers, etc. Textiles and papermaking were very important. Big cities like Boston were major shipping hubs.
South: Most people in the South were Baptist/Presbyterian, but original settlers in MD were Catholic (Lord Baltimore made it a refuge). Economy was almost entirely based on farming; cash crops on large plantations such as: rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane and cotton. Slaves and indentured servants worked the land.

7. Colonial Life
Family Life: Man runs the house, makes the $, women is an obedient servant.
Parents were to break the will of the children to prevent sin. Marriage was more of a government contract than religious commitment.
Education: The Enlightenment was to reform society using reason, challenge ideas in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through scientific method. It promoted skepticism and intellectual interchange. Opposed superstition and intolerance, with the Catholic Church often a target.
Religion: The Great Awakening was a widespread revival of religion led by Protestant ministers, led to a sharp increase of interest in religion, a sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected, an increase in church membership, and the formation of new religious denominations.
The Arts: Portrait paintings became very popular. Skilled tradesmen created more detailed furniture, and house wares. People were able to enjoy the “Finer things in life” influenced by British society.

8. Types of Colonial Government
CHARTER
AKA Joint-Stock
A type of colony where a person or group of investors was granted permission by the king/queen to try to make a profit from the colony like a company.
PROPRIETARY
A type of colony granted by the king or queen to an individual or group who had full governing rights (Full ownership).
ROYAL
A type of colony where a governor was appointed to the colony to govern on behalf of the king or queen.