1. The Chemical Context of Life

2. All matter, including ____________, is made of _________
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3. Each kind of atom has its own chemical ___________
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4. Atoms that have _________________ have an _____________ and are called __________
They are written with a + or – next to their symbol Na Cl

5. Atoms/ions important for living things
Used to make bigger molecules
Ions = electrically charged atoms
____________
____________

6. Hydrogen Ions (H+) More H+ = more acidic
The number of ____ ions determines how _______ a solution will be.
More H+ = more acidic

7. ATOMS CAN ______TOGETHER TO _____________________
Ex:
Joining 2 HYDROGEN atoms with 1 OXYGEN atom makes one ______ molecule.
A _______________ tells _________ of and __________ atoms are in a molecule
EX: ________

8. VERY, VERY LARGE MOLECULES = ____________________ EXAMPLE: Insulin =
C254 H377 N65 O76 S6
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9. MOLECULES CAN BE SHOWN IN DIFFERENT WAYS
Water molecule:
H2O
Other Images by: Riedell

10. Polar Molecules Because of the location of electrons in molecules,
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Because of the location of
electrons in molecules,
some molecules have an
_________ pattern of
____________________
More ___ on one side;
More ___ on the other
EX: water
More about this in Chapter 7

11. The same molecule can have both POLAR and NON-POLAR parts
EX: PHOSPHOLIPIDS
The same molecule can have both POLAR and NON-POLAR parts
_________
__________
More about this in Chapter 7
Image by Riedell

12. HYDROGEN BONDS
Bonds that form between the _________ charged _____________
in one molecule and a
__________ charged _________
in a nearby molecule are called
_____________________
EX: water molecules
are held together
by Hydrogen bonds
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13. _________ is the most important atom found in living things
It can join to _______
other atoms at same time
It can form ______ or _____
so it can make lots of
different kinds of molecules.
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14. “Like dissolves like”
____________________ means “water loving”
_________ groups/molecules try to _________ and touch water or ______________ molecules
Water makes a great solvent in
living things because so many
molecules found in living things
are polar or have a charge.

15. “Like dissolves like” _________________ means “water fearing”
“Like dissolves like”
_________________ means “water fearing”
___________ groups/molecules try to _________ other __________ molecules and __________ ________ molecules
Oil based paints dissolve
in solvents such as
turpentine
. . . not water.

16. http://mchi. mcallenisd
“Like
dissolves
like”
______ works because it has a _____________ that dissolves _______ and a __________ that dissolves in _____ to wash away oily dirt.

17. A chemical equation tells what happens in a chemical reaction
when molecules interact.
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H20
_______________ ________________
Molecules that react Molecules that are
produced →
Image by RIedell

18. REMEMBER: ALL the chemical reactions that happen in cells = _____________
Chemical reactions can _____
molecules together.
Chemical reactions can ______
molecules apart.

19. One way to join molecules to make a bigger molecule is by ________
a _______ molecule to make a bond.
= ____________________ reaction
See an animation

20. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS “dehydration” “synthesis”
=_____________ _____________

21. EXAMPLE: _________ subunits (A,T,G,C) join together to make
a _____ molecule

22. Chemical reactions can also ________ molecules apart.
______________ = kind of chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by adding a________ molecule.
“_____” = water “_____” = break apart
See an animation

23. HYDROLYSIS is the _________ of DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS.
Adding a water molecule breaks the bond.

24. More on this is Chapters 7, 8,& 9
ATP is the energy
molecule used by
all cells.
Breaking a bond
using hydrolysis is
the way ENERGY
is released.
More on this is Chapters 7, 8,& 9

25. Living things _______ of these kinds of _______ (and MORE) to get the _______they need.