1. Six Months that Changed the World The Treaty of Versailles
Paris 1919
Six Months that Changed the World
The Treaty of Versailles

2. The end of the Great War armistice signed November 11, 1918
single largest peace negotiations
Congress of Vienna only model
main powers to lead the conference
decisions on treatments of defeated powers to be determined
Germany had no say

4. Different Allied Objectives

5. David Lloyd George Prime Minister of Britain
sought to expand UK’s colonial territory
preserve naval and industrial supremacy - Pax Brittannia
make Germany pay costs of the war

6. Georges Clemenceau Premier of France
sought to ensure France's security against future German invasion
wished to see harsh military limitations
stiff financial payments and penalties
territorial losses (fought with UK over German colonies)
France suffered worst damage in the war
Georges Clemenceau

7. Vittorio Orlando premier of Italy
premier of Italy
sought to enlarge Italy's territory in Europe
long time enemies with Austria-Hungary
secret Treaty of London in 1915 had promised land to Italy in exchange for changing sides
angered by Allied refusal to honor Treaty commitments

8. Woodrow Wilson US President sought a “just” peace
based Treaty planning on “Fourteen Points”
did not agree to abide by terms of previous deals
was ‘hands-on;’ first US president to go to Europe while in office
was most interested in League of Nations

9. Wilson’s Vision self-determination the key to lasting peace in Europe
redefined the war as a war for democracy
League of Nations was to be first major objective of negotiations
was generally distrustful of Europeans but sympathetic to Armenians

10. http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Versailles_1919
Treaty Provisions

11. 1. Territorial return of Alsace-Lorraine to France
cession of territory to Belgium, Lithuania, and the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia
parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland
Danzig to become a free city
occupation and special status for the Saar under French control (plebiscite to be held after 15 years)
surrender of all German colonies as League of Nations mandates

12. Polish corridor
New states

13. 2. Military German army limited to 100,000 No conscription
tanks, heavy artillery, poison gas, aircraft prohibited
6 naval ships under 100,000 tons
de-militarized Rhineland

14. 3. Political & Financial Anschluss with Austria forboten
provision for the trial of the former Kaiser and other war leaders
coal from Saar Valley to be ceded to France as special payment
Upper Silesia lost industrial output

15. Article 231
• The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.
• reparations of £6,600 million

16. Casualties in WWI Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded
France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded
Belgium : 13,716 soldiers killed; 50,000 soldiers wounded
Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed; 947,000 soldiers wounded
Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed; 4,950,000 soldiers wounded
America : 116,000 soldiers killed; 204,002 soldiers wounded
Canada: 69,000 soldiers killed, 172,950 soldiers wounded
Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killed; 4,216,058 soldiers wounded
Austria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killed; 3,620,000 wounded
Turkey : 325,000 soldiers killed; 400,000 soldiers wounded
Bulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killed; 152, 390 soldiers wounded
The total deaths of all nations who fought in the war is thought to have been 8.5 million with 21 million being wounded. 
*Russian numbers are estimates
**All figures from Encyclopædia Britannica