1. 1st Year Science – Chemistry
‘States of Matter’
1st Year Science – Chemistry

2. Introduction – States of Matter
All substances in our world are one of 3 things...
Solid
Liquid
Gas
These are the three states of matter
What is matter?
What Substance can be all 3 states?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
Water

3. Introduction – States of Matter

4. Properties of States of Matter
Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases
Solids
Liquids
Gases
No Definite Shape
Take the shape of their container
No Definite Shape
Take the shape of their container
Shape
Definite Shape
Volume
Definite Volume
Definite Volume
No Definite Volume
Cannot be compressed
Cannot be compressed
Can be compressed
Compression
Ability to flow
Cannot flow
Can flow
Can flow

5. Changes of State (of Matter)
This is when a substance can change from one state to another, i.e...
Solid to liquid
Liquid to Gas
Gas to liquid
Liquid to solid
Most substance’s state can be changed
A good example of this is water. It can be all three states.
*Melting point*
*Boiling point*

6. Changes of State
Lets have a look at water and how it can ‘change state’
No new substances are formed during a change of state
Freezing(0⁰C)
Boiling(100 ⁰C)
Liquid to solid
Liquid to Gas
Solid - Ice
Liquid - Water
Gas - Steam
Solid to Liquid
Gas to Liquid
Melting
Condensing

7. Evaporation
Liquids don’t always have to be boiled in order to change to a gas.
Puddles/sea/river/lake water can quickly disappear when the sun comes out.
How evaporation occurs
Water molecules at the surface of the liquid gain enough energy from the sun to escape as a gas into the atmosphere

8. Condensing
Steam from the kettle gathers as droplets on the surface of the glass
Clouds are formed when evaporated water is cooled and then turned back into water droplets.
Condensing is the cooling of a gas in order to turn it into a liquid form

9. Diffusion
A good example of diffusion is when we can smell something but cannot see it
e.g. your mother’s cooking, tea bags or
The gas particles spread throughout the room
Diffusion is how the particles in liquids or gases spread throughout the area in which they are placed.

10. Molecules in Solids and Liquids
Molecules are constantly moving or ‘vibrating’
Molecules Come together and push apart continually (to and fro)
This is what gives solids a definite shape
Liquids
When molecules of a solid are heated they vibrate faster and get more excited until they come apart
Molecules now act in a random manor (slip and slide) and the definite shape is no more.
The more slipping and sliding of molecules means the more easily the liquid flows.

11. Lets have a look at water and how it can ‘change state’
Changes of State
Lets have a look at water and how it can ‘change state’
_________
_________
Solid - Ice
Liquid - Water
Gas - Steam
_________
_________

12. The Properties of the Three States of Matter
Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases