1. Natural Science

2. Unit 1: Plants Important vocabulary Root = raíz Stem = tallo
Leaf/leaves = hoja(s)
Vessel= vaso
Soil= tierra

3. Characteristics of plants Plants don’t move.
Plants produce their food.
Plants are living things.
Plants’ main organs are: roots, stem and leaves
Parts of a plant
Leaves:
They capture sunlight and carbon dioxide.
They make nutrients.
2. Stems:
1. They keep the plant upright.
2. They carry water and minerals through vessels.
3. The trunk of a tree is a thick stem.
3. Roots:
1. They take water and minerals from the soil.

4.   Classification of plants Flowering plants Non-flowering plants
They have organs (flowers, fruits and seeds) to reproduce
They don’t have seeds.
They reproduce through spores.
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Ferns
Mosses
Roots
Stem
Leaves
Flowers
Seeds
Fruit
Angiosperms 
Gymnosperms 
Ferns
Mosses

5. Respiration Plants get energy through respiration
Respiration Plants get energy through respiration. Plants absorb oxygen from the air. The oxygen and nutrients are transformed into energy. The plant releases (expulsar)carbon dioxide. Plants need energy 24 hours a day.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Absorbed gases
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Released gases
When does it occur?
During the day
24 hours a day
(During the day and night)

6. How do plants make their nutrients?
The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. This mixture is called raw sap (sabia bruta).
Xylem vessels (vaños leñosos) carry the raw sap from the roots to the leaves.
Leaves absorb carbon dioxide through their stomata.
Photosynthesis occurs inside the leaves.
The chlorophyll traps energy from the Sun. Sunlight transforms raw sap and carbon dioxide into nutrients (= glucose = elaborated sap (sabia elaborada))
The plant expels excess oxygen through their stomata.
5. Phloem vessels (vasos liberianos) transport elaborated sap all over the plant.

7. P. 18 ex 3 P. 19 ex 4. Roots --- absorb water and minerals
Stems---- distribute substances
Leaves --- Produce oxygen
Flowers --- sexual reproduction
What do plants need to make nutrients?
What products are obtained in the fabrication of nutrients?
Water and minerals
Carbon dioxide
Light
Food
Oxygen

8. P. 19 ex 7
A. Substances that are needed for photosynthesis to occur: Carbon dioxide, minerals, water and sunlight.
B. Substances made during photosynthesis: nutrients
C. Substances released (expulsadas) though photosynthesis: oxygen
D. Energy needed for photosynthesis to occur: Sunlight
p. 19 ex 9
Mosses --- no roots, stems or leaves
Ferns --- no flowers
Gymnosperms --- no fruit
Angiosperms --- fruit