1. What type of aquaculture system do we have outside?
Bell Work
What type of aquaculture system do we have outside?

2. Types of Aquaculture Systems
Area: Animal Science
Unit: Aquaculture
Lesson #7

3. Objectives To identify the types of aquaculture systems.
To identify the parts of an aquaculture system.
To design an aquaculture system.

4. What are the types of aquaculture systems?
There are 5 types of aquaculture systems
Pond Culture
Canal Culture
Cage Culture
Raceway Culture
Recirculating Systems.

5. Pond Culture Ponds are earthen enclosures that hold water.
Most common way to raise fish.
Easy design and low construction costs.
Need large areas of land.

7. Canal Culture Irrigation canals are also used to raise fish.
In areas where water is scarce, it is good to have multiple ways to use water.
Divided into sections by nets or screens
As long as no chemicals are placed into the canals, they can be a great place to raise fish.

9. Cage Culture Cages are floating structure designed to contain fish.
Common in large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans.
Allow water and feed to freely float through them and fish wastes to move away
Allow for easy capture of fish
Cages come in various sizes and shapes.

11. Raceway Culture
Raceways are long narrow structures where water constantly flows through.
Typically used for trout.
Allow for intensive raising of fish .
constant flow of water.
Typically raceways are setup in series.
They require 5,000-10,000 gallons of water to raise 1 pound of fish.

13. Recirculating Systems
Recirculating systems use tanks and filters to raise fish.
Tanks come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials.
Usually several tanks are placed together in a system.
Need 5-10 gallons of water .
Generally discharges 5% of its total system water per day.

15. What are the components of a recirculating system?
There are 3 components to a recirculating system
solids removal
biofilters
dissolved gasses.

16. Fine & Dissolved
Solids Removal
Carbon Dioxide
Removal
Air Stone Diffuser
Packed Column
Fish Culture
Tank
Aeration or
Oxygenation
Air Stone Diffuser
Packed Column
Down-Flow Contactor
Nitrification
Rotating Biological Contractors
Packed Bed Filters
Expandable Media Filters
Waste Solids Removal
Sedimentation
Screen Filters
Granular Media Filters

17. Solids Removal
Unused feed and fish waste can cause a problem to recirculating systems.
Rich in ammonia and require lots of oxygen to be broken down.
4 types of solids removal systems
Sedimentary tanks
Screens
Sand Filter
Expandable Bed Filter

18. Sedimentary tanks
Allow for wastes to settle out of the water to the bottom of the tank.
The tank can then be drained of the solids.

19. Screens Water passes through a series of screens.
Particles are trapped in the screen mesh.
Screen mesh gets smaller as it goes down the line.
They can then be removed and cleaned.

20. Sand Filter
Water passes through a pocket of sand, gravel, or some other media.
The sand captures particles as water is pumped through it.
Cleaned by backflushing the system.
Water is forced through in the opposite direction separating the particles from the sand.

21. Expandable Bed Filter
Water is pumped through the sand from the bottom.
A coarser media above the sand which allows for more particles to be trapped.
To clean this filter, water is forced at a higher pressure through the filter forcing particles through the material and out a drain.

22. Biofilters Biofilters are necessary to remove ammonia and nitrites.
Tanks where fish are densely stocked, these levels will get extremely
4 types of biofilters
Rotating Biological Contractors
Expandable Bed Filter
Fluidized Bead Filter
Packed Tower Filter or Trickle Filter

23. Rotating Biological Contractors
These filters rotate in the water allowing for water to cover the filter.
Also helps to stir and oxygenate the water.

24. Expandable Bed Filter
These filters are also good for the removal of ammonia and nitrites.
The coarse material in the filters give good surface areas for bacteria colonization.
These filters are hard to clean and are not as commonly used in small systems.

25. Fluidized Bead Filter
Here beads are constantly turned within the filter.
Tends to have the same effects as the RBC.
Beads allow for a good surface area for bacteria growth.
Movement of the beads also allows for a good exchange of gasses in the water.

26. Packed Tower Filter or Trickle Filter
Uses a stack of biofilter material
Allows water to trickle over them.
Many different designs of these types of filters.

28. Dissolved Gas Control
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen need to be exchanged throughout the water in order for the fish to survive.
2 ways to do this
Surface aeration
Diffusion aerators.

29. Surface Aeration The surface area of the water is increased.
Nozzles spray water onto the surface of the water,
Disturbs it allowing water from below to move up
Packed tower filters also do a great job for this type of aeration.

30. Diffusion Aerators Put air into the water.
Oxygen contained in air bubbles will diffuse into the water through the surface of the bubbles.
Many small bubbles are better than a few large bubbles
Diffusion aerators also move water in the tank from the bottom to the surface.