1. The End of the Middle Ages

2. 14th Century The “worst” century in history
Plague (Black Death)
War (100 Years War)
High Taxes
Corrupt government
Schism in the church
Led to innovations and cultural changes

3. The Crusades WHO? The Seljuk Turks Pope Urban II
were a warring tribe from Central Asia that converted to Islam. They had taken over the Holy Land
began attacking the Byzantine Empire and caused its decline
Pope Urban II
Called for the first Crusades and agreed to help defend the Byzantine Church and regain the Holy Land
Sent 50,000-60,000 crusaders (knights)

4. The Crusades
WHAT?
A military expedition to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks

5. The Crusades WHY? The Pope’s goals: show his power
reunite the Byzantine and Roman Church
The knights’ goals:
win glory
forgiveness of sins
win riches
The merchants’ goals:
gain control of trade routes
make money transporting crusaders

6. The Crusades WHEN? (1096-1270) The First Crusade (1096-1099)
Only successful crusade
Captured major cities throughout the Holy Land.
The Second Crusade ( )
Lost Jerusalem to Saladin
The Third Crusade (AKA The Kings’ Crusade)
Philip II of France got a fever and went home
Frederick Barbarossa HRE, drowned crossing a river
Richard I of England, made a 3 year truce with Saladin
The Fourth Crusade ( )
Never came close to Jerusalem, instead knights sacked, looted, and burned Constantinople (capital of the Byzantine Empire and a Christian city!)
The Fifth-Eighth Crusades didn’t accomplish much

7. The Crusades
WHERE?

8. The Crusades - Pilgrimage or Holy War?: Crash Course World

9. Results of the Crusades
Decline of papal prestige
Decline in the power of nobles
Decrease in Byzantine power
Increase in religious intolerance
New foods and textiles introduced
cane sugar, buckwheat, spices, rice, apricots, watermelons, oranges, limes, lemons, cotton, satin, velvet, and dyes
Increase in trade
Learned about a civilization superior to Europe's
larger cities, splendid buildings, highly developed arts and crafts, medical skills, and scientific knowledge
Crusades sparked the Age of Discovery
The Muslims kept Europeans from expanding to the east

10. Show 3 ½ minute history – hundred years war
I will be able to:
Describe the significance of the Hundred Years War
Explain the causes of the war, the effects of the long bow, and the impact of the war

11. The Hundred Year's War England taking over French Land WHO?
England and France
WHY?
King of England wanted to rule France: claims to Throne of France from an old marriage
WHAT?
England taking over French Land
WHERE?
WHEN?
A longer standing issue was the status of lands within France that belonged to English kings.
Edward was actually a vassal of Philip VI, holding sizable French territories as fiefs from the king of France [it went back to the Norman conquest].
, 100 Years War?
Causes
King of England married to first daughter of the King of France, who also has sons.
King of France dies.
Who gets the land?

12. Early English Victories
Early battles won by England
Crécy
Poitiers
Agincourt
Long bow gives England an advantage over France in these battles
Makes knights outdated

13. Changes in the Nature of Warfare
Tactics
French: One-on-one fighting
English: Foot soldiers and archers
Weapons
Swords
Crossbows
Multi-arrow machines
English Longbows
Cannons

14. The Longbow as a Weapon the longbow gives the English an advantage.
Its arrows had more penetrating power than a bolt from a crossbow.
Could pierce an inch of wood or the armor of a knight at 200 yards!
A longbow could be fired more rapidly.
6 arrows per minute.
Old crossbow

15. The Effective Use of the Cannon at Poitiers, 1356

16. Joan of Arc ( )
The daughter of prosperous peasants from Burgundy that had suffered under the English.
She reported regular visions of divine revelation.
Her “voices” told her to go to the king and assist him in driving out the English.
She dressed like a man and was Charles’ most charismatic and feared military leader!

17. Joan of Arc ( )
She brought inspiration and a sense of national identity and self-confidence.
With her aid, the French king was crowned at Reims [ending the “disinheritance”].
She was captured during an attack on Paris and fell into English hands.
Because of her “unnatural dress” and claim to divine guidance, she was condemned and burned as a heretic in 1432.
She instantly became a symbol of French resistance.

18. The Hundred Year's War Last phases of the war Joan of Arc
Purpose for the war
Legend to save France coupled with mysticism
Rallying point
King of France assumes leadership (reluctantly) and French triumph
There was no treaty to officially end the war

19. France Becomes Unified!
France in 1453
France in 1337

20. Consequences of the Hundred Years War
Knights became outmoded method of fighting
Commoners were important in war
Nobles lost power to the king
Nationalism was promoted
Parliament gained control over money

21. The Black Death

22. The Black Death Plague of 1347 Results Sailors on ship from Crimea
Disease spread through Europe
Fleas harbored on black rats
Symptoms (type 1)
Black swellings (buboes)
Buboes broke and oozed
Intense pain and death in 5 days
Symptoms (type 2)
Continuous fever
Spitting of blood
Coughing and sweating
Death in 1-3 days
Results
Killed 1/3 of Europe’s population
Reduced labor force
Weakened feudal system (freed serfs)
Excess materials (cloth, tools, etc) and increased economy

23. Ring around the Rosie,
Pockets filled with posie
Achoo, achoo,
we all fall down.

24. What caused the plague?
The Oriental Rat Flea!

26. What were the symptoms of the plague?

27. Where did the Black Death come from?

28. Cures?
Medieval people did not know about germs causing disease. They did not understand that plague was spread by rats and fleas. They thought that people’s bodies were poisoned.
If the swellings burst and the poison came out people sometimes survived. It seemed sensible to draw out the poison.

29. Medieval cure number 1
The swellings should be softened with figs and cooked onions. The onions should be mixed with yeast and butter. Then open the swellings with a knife.

30. Medieval cure number 2
Take a live frog and put its belly on the plague sore. The frog will swell up and burst. Keep doing this with further frogs until they stop bursting. Some people say that a dried toad will do the job better.

31. END OF FEUDALISM
The Crusades
Decreased power of nobles
Increased knowledge and trade
The Hundred Years War
Decreased power of the nobles
Knights and castles outmoded
Increased nationalism and power of king
The Black Death
Helped serfs gain freedom
Eventually led to improved economy
***Led to the Age of Exploration, the Renaissance and Reformation