1. Middle Ear

2. Acoustic energy
99.9%
Net loss = dB

3. TM >>> Oval window
Impedance Matching
TM >>> Oval window P1 P2 A1 A2
Areal Ratio F=P1A1=P2A therefore P2/P1=A1/A2

4. Impedance Matching Areal Ratio F=P1A1=P2A2 therefore P2/P1=A1/A2
Malleus > Incus
Lever Ratio L1/F1=F2/L2

5. Impedance Matching Areal Ratio F=P1A1=P2A2 therefore P2/P1=A1/A2
Buckling Action
Lever Ratio L1/F1=F2/L2

7. Resonance frequency affects intensity during sound transmission
Acoustic Impedance
Resonance frequency affects intensity during sound transmission

8. Also criticial in the cochlea
Acoustic Impedance
Also criticial in the cochlea
STIFFNESS
Limits Low frequency
Limits High frequency
MASS

9. Volume of middle ear space
Transfer Functions
Volume of middle ear space
Mass of ossicles

10. Transfer Functions