1. I. Post-WWII outcomes?
4) Origins of Cold War
Is this what we mean by the Cold War???

2. II. Cold War: Defined Cold War- 45 year competition about values.
(end of WWII-collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 — 8 presidents) OR

3. I. Post-WWII outcomes?
1) United Nations- formed near end of WWII as a body of
nations to prevent future global wars.
What organization had been formed at the
end of WWI to prevent global war?

4. I. Post-WWII outcomes?
2) Japan:
-Occupied by American forces
-Adopts democratic form of government (MacArthur Const.)
-Resumed self-gov’t
-Ally of U.S.
Look on the bottom of your grandparent’s figurines
to see if they were made in “occupied Japan.”

5. -Soviet controlled East Europe -Germany divided into
I. Post-WWII outcomes?
3) Europe:
-Lay in ruins
-Soviet controlled East Europe
-Germany divided into
East (Communist) and
West (Democratic)
Germany to pay reparations in the form of goods & products not cash
Industrial machinery & equipment also used as reparations
Divided Berlin

6. Divided Germany Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
Divided Germany

7. The Division of Berlin

8. II. Cold War: Defined THE STAKES ARE HIGH
(BOTH U.S. and Soviet Union hold capability to destroy each other)
1949 Soviet Union
successfully explodes an atomic
bomb
1952 1st Hydrogen Bomb tested
*Much more powerful than the
Atomic Bombs dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
*Precision Missile Launch

9. II. Cold War: Defined NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Defensive alliance between U.S. and Western Europe
(1st time U.S. entered into peacetime military alliance)

10. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

11. II. Cold War: Defined
Warsaw Pact, Defensive alliance between Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries.

12. Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania

13. Crisis in Iran
During WW II Soviets had troops in northern Iran & U.S. had troops in Southern Iran in order to keep supply lines from the Persian Gulf open
Following the war, U.S. pulled out but Soviets remained and demanded access to Iran oil supplies
To increase pressure for oil, Soviets assist northern Iranian communists to set up a new government
OUTCOME:
U.S. demands they pull out and sends warship into the Mediterranean. Soviets leave Iran.

14. Truman Doctrine [1947] Civil War in Greece.
Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles.
The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

15. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
***CONTAINMENT- do not let Communism spread, resist it!
(Truman Doctrine- help “free peoples” resist Communism)
Harry Truman
( )

16. Marshall Plan [1948] “European Recovery Program.”
Secretary of State, George Marshall
The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

17. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Marshall Plan- massive financial aid to rebuild Europe.
George Marshall

18. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)

19. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Berlin Airlift ( )-
Soviets block access to
west Berlin. Truman orders
supplies airlifted.
*2.3 million tons of supplies

20. Who lost China? – A 2nd } Power!
Mao’s Revolution: 1949
Who lost China? – A 2nd } Power!

21. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
(1949)- Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover
in China (rival to Soviet Union)
REACTION:
Increased fears of
communist domination
U.S. spent $3 million
in support of Nationalist,
Chiang Kai-shek, only
to have failed!

22. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950
*emphasizes Soviet aggression
*calls for massive U.S. military buildup
“The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires
not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”
How is NSC-68 different from the Marshall Plan?
How is NSC-68 the same as the Marshall Plan?

23. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Korean War ( ):
(June, 1950)
Communist North Korea
invades across the
38th parallel, attacking
democratic South Korea
Apply Cold War policy:
What should be the main
objective in the Korean War?

24. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
U.N. troops (made up of
90% Americans)
defend South Korea
Led by
Douglas MacArthur

25. U.N. Security Council meets to discuss Korean Crisis
Who is accused of aiding the North Koreans?
What are some of the key questions before the U.N.?

26. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
300,000
Communist Chinese
troops come into war
on side of North Korea

27. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
Results of
Korean War:
Stalemate at 38th parallel
54,000 Americans die
Billions of Dollars spent
THINK:
Was the objective of the
Korean War achieved?
Should more have been done?

28. Who won the 1952 election?

29. V. COLD WAR: HOMEFRONT
**A. Fear of Nuclear War. Americans were urged to build bomb shelters in their own basements.

30. Federal Civil Defense Administration (1950)
-Educate people how to survive Atomic blast
-Mobilize people in event of Atomic warfare
What was the purpose of the “Bert the Turtle” campaign?

31. School children practice “duck and cover” drills

32. B. Fear of Communist- “Red Scare”
Senator Joseph McCarthy- (1950s) recklessly accused many
government officials and citizens of being communist.
(McCarthyism- making false accusations based on rumor
or guilt by association.)
Conviction of Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
for spying for the Soviet Union and the construction of nuclear weapons
by Soviets using secrets obtained through spying increased fears.