1. Schenck, Hooverizing, Draft, and the Great Migration
The Home Front
Schenck, Hooverizing, Draft, and the Great Migration

2. The Great Migration
Henry Ford sent company agents to the south to recruit African American workers
Desperate for workers after men left for war
Promised high wages, steady work
300, ,000 African Americans left the South to move to northern cities for work

3. The Great Migration
Great Migration- massive population movement of African American from the south to the north
Drastically changed the culture of cities like Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Cleveland
Changes politics: More African Americans vote in northern cities

4. Hooverizing Food Administration, run by Herbert Hoover
Increased food production
Decreased civilian consumption
“Food will win the war, don’t waste it”
Hooverizing- Encouraged families to go without certain things, conserve food, and grow their own vegetables in “victory gardens”
Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, Porkless Thursdays
Leave more food for the troops

5. Hooverizing Harry Garfield, Fuel Administration Conserve Energy
Daylight Savings Time enacted
Shortened work weeks for factories that did not make war materials
Heatless Mondays

6. Schenck v. United States
Laws passed to limit opposition to the war and fight espionage
Espionage- spying to get government information
Espionage Act of makes it illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or interfere with the war effort by not supporting it
Sedition Act of makes it illegal to speak against the war publicly
1,000 people convicted

7. Schenck v. United States
1917, Charles Schenck mailed anti-draft pamphlets to draftees telling them the draft was wrong
Urged them to protest
Schenck arrested, case goes to Supreme Court
First Amendment issue of free speech
“Clear and present danger”- if the speech threatens the efforts of the U.S. to effectively protect the country in time of war, it’s necessary to limit free speech
Constitutional rights are not absolute, especially in times of war

8. Building the Military
Selective Service- men ages registered for draft, were pulled in a lottery, then a board of local community members selected who would serve
2.8 million Americans drafted for WWI
2 million men volunteered for military service
“Great adventure” and a chance to stop German atrocities
50,000 Americans died in WWI
200,000 wounded
60,000 died from influenza epidemic of

9. Building the Military 400,000 African American men drafted
42,000 went overseas
Segregation and discrimination
Racially segregated military units commanded by white officers
Women served in armed forces as non-combatants
Clerical work
Radio operators
Electricians
Pharmacists
Chemists
Photographers
12,000 Native Americans enlisted and fought in WWI for the U.S.