2. FACTS
At least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this figure is likely to be more than double by 2030
Around 4 m deaths every year are related to complications of diabetes

3. FACTS
WHO figures
1985
1995
2000
2003
2030
30 m
135 m
177 m
194m
370 m

4. COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH DIABETES
Country DM % million DM % million million
INDIA
CHINA
USA
INDONESIA

5. COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE IN ADULT POPULATION 2003
Country DM %
UAE
Qatar
Bahrain
Kuwait

6. Oman Oman DM 11.6% Impaired G T 6.1% New cases per year 3548 = 0.18%
Highest Incidence North Batna 25% of total
PDO % (Potential Diabetes 4%) 75% High Lipid

7. What is Diabetes mellitus?
DM or Sugar problem is a chronic disease characterised by very high blood sugar. Caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors.
Type I –lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescents
Type II – inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults, 90%

8. The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions
                                                                                                                                                               

9. CAUSAL FACTORS Genetic/ Family history Drugs Race Infection Stress
Over-eating&obesity
Physical Inactivity
Gestational Diabetes
Drugs
Infection
Other illnesses
Surgery
Autoimmune

10. Symptoms of Diabetes SOME or NONE of the following Frequent Urination
Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Extreme hunger
Sudden visual changes
Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
Feeling very tired most of the time
Wounds that are slow to heal

11. DIAGNOSIS Urine strip test Blood sugar test
Glycosylated Haemoglobin: HbA1C

12. What is the Treatment? Type I Strict carefully calculated diet
Planned physical activity
Insulin injections
Home blood glucose testing
Type II
Diet control
Exercise
Oral medication and or insulin
Home blood glucose testing

13. Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar.
What causes hypoglycemia?
Taking too much insulin,
Missing or delaying a meal,
Exercising too much,
Taking other medications.
signs and symptoms
dizziness, confusion,
sweating, shaky
tremors, headache or even fainting.

14. Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia)
Tell your family, friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how to treat low blood sugar.
Carry medical card or tag
Eat or drink something that has sugar in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc.
If unconscious don’t give anything by mouth-transfer to nearest clinic

15. Complications High blood pressure. Heart disease; 50% Strokes.
Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50%
Blindness; 2%
Kidney failure
Impotence
Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers X40
Consume 10% of Nation’s Health Budget

16. How do we prevent? Healthy and Balanced diet
Regular physical activities/exercise
Maintain Normal body weight
Early detection

17. Prognosis is good.